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Automated browsers are widely used to study the web at scale. Their premise is that they measure what regular browsers would encounter on the web. In practice, deviations due to detection of automation have been found. To what extent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Benjamin Krumnow , Hugo Jonker , Stefan Karsch

Software developers study and reuse existing source code to understand how to properly use application programming interfaces (APIs). However, manually finding sufficient and adequate code examples for a given API is a difficult and a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Mohammad Ghafari , Konstantin Rubinov , Mohammad Mehdi Pourhashem K

RESTful APIs are arguably the most popular endpoints for accessing Web services. Blackbox testing is one of the emerging techniques for ensuring the reliability of RESTful APIs. The major challenge in testing RESTful APIs is the need for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Yi Liu , Yuekang Li , Gelei Deng , Yang Liu , Ruiyuan Wan , Runchao Wu , Dandan Ji , Shiheng Xu , Minli Bao

Large language model fine-tuning APIs enable widespread model customization, yet pose significant safety risks. Recent work shows that adversaries can exploit access to these APIs to bypass model safety mechanisms by encoding harmful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jack Youstra , Mohammed Mahfoud , Yang Yan , Henry Sleight , Ethan Perez , Mrinank Sharma

The growing sophistication of modern malware and phishing campaigns has diminished the effectiveness of traditional signature-based intrusion detection systems. This work presents SecureScan, an AI-driven, triple-layer detection framework…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Rumman Firdos , Aman Dangi

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), which encapsulate the implementation of specific functions as interfaces, greatly improve the efficiency of modern software development. As numbers of APIs spring up nowadays, developers can hardly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Yun Peng , Shuqing Li , Wenwei Gu , Yichen Li , Wenxuan Wang , Cuiyun Gao , Michael Lyu

Nowadays, invoking third party code increasingly involves calling web services via their web APIs, as opposed to the more traditional scenario of downloading a library and invoking the library's API. However, there are also new challenges…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-05-19 Erik Wittern , Annie Ying , Yunhui Zheng , Jim A. Laredo , Julian Dolby , Christopher C. Young , Aleksander A. Slominski

The surge in website attacks, including Denial of Service (DoS), Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and Clickjacking, underscores the critical need for robust HTTPS implementation-a practice that, alarmingly, remains inadequately adopted.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Urvashi Kishnani , Sanchari Das

Web applications are becoming more and more complex. Testing such applications is an intricate hard and time-consuming activity. Therefore, testing is often poorly performed or skipped by practitioners. Test automation can help to avoid…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2011-08-12 Boni García , Juan Carlos Dueñas

A common way of exposing functionality in contemporary systems is by providing a Web-API based on the REST API architectural guidelines. To describe REST APIs, the industry standard is currently OpenAPI-specifications. Test generation and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Stefan Karlsson , Robbert Jongeling , Adnan Causevic , Daniel Sundmark

Production deployment of AI coding agents requires fast, reproducible evaluation signals. Existing industrial practices trade off speed and fidelity: online A/B testing takes weeks and risks user experience, shadow deployment yields signals…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Smriti Jha , Matteo Paltenghi , Chandra Maddila , Vijayaraghavan Murali , Shubham Ugare , Satish Chandra

Upon replay, JavaScript on archived web pages can generate recurring HTTP requests that lead to unnecessary traffic to the web archive. In one example, an archived page averaged more than 1000 requests per minute. These requests are not…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Kritika Garg , Himarsha R. Jayanetti , Sawood Alam , Michele C. Weigle , Michael L. Nelson

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents increasingly rely on APIs to operate complex web applications, but rapid evolution often leads to incomplete or inconsistent API documentation. Existing work falls into two categories: (1) static,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Yanjing Yang , Chenxing Zhong , Ke Han , Zeru Cheng , Jinwei Xu , Xin Zhou , He Zhang , Bohan Liu

This paper performs a large-scale study of dependency chains in the web, to find that around 50% of first-party websites render content that they did not directly load. Although the majority (84.91%) of websites have short dependency chains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Muhammad Ikram , Rahat Masood , Gareth Tyson , Mohamed Ali Kaafar , Roya Ensafi

Application programming interfaces (APIs) have become a central part of the modern IT environment, allowing developers to enrich the functionality of applications and interact with third parties such as cloud and payment providers. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Nurullah Demir , Yash Vekaria , Georgios Smaragdakis , Zakir Durumeric

[Background] Web communication is universal in cyberspace, and security risks in this domain are devastating. [Aims] We analyzed the prevalence of six security smells in mobile app servers, and we investigated the consequence of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Pascal Gadient , Marc-Andrea Tarnutzer , Oscar Nierstrasz , Mohammad Ghafari

HTTP/2 supersedes HTTP/1.1 to tackle the performance challenges of the modern Web. A highly anticipated feature is Server Push, enabling servers to send data without explicit client requests, thus potentially saving time. Although…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Torsten Zimmermann , Benedikt Wolters , Oliver Hohlfeld , Klaus Wehrle

Web API specifications are machine-readable descriptions of APIs. These specifications, in combination with related tooling, simplify and support the consumption of APIs. However, despite the increased distribution of web APIs,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-01-29 Jinqiu Yang , Erik Wittern , Annie T. T. Ying , Julian Dolby , Lin Tan

Autonomous agents that address day-to-day digital tasks (e.g., ordering groceries for a household), must not only operate multiple apps (e.g., notes, messaging, shopping app) via APIs, but also generate rich code with complex control flow…

Recent developments in the world of services on the Web show that both the number of available Web APIs as well as the applications built on top is constantly increasing. This trend is commonly attributed to the wide adoption of the REST…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Frederik Buelthoff , Maria Maleshkova