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Time varying media recently emerged as promising candidates to fulfill the dream of controlling the wave frequency without nonlinear effects. However, frequency conversion remains limited by the dynamics of the variations of the propagation…

Classical Physics · Physics 2022-02-23 Benjamin Apffel , Emmanuel Fort

Elastic metasurfaces offer precise control over elastic waves for applications such as vibration isolation, sensing, and imaging. However, achieving high-efficiency and scattering-free performance with complex functionalities remains a…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Chun Min Li , Wenjing Ye

Recent advancement in digital coding metasurfaces incorporating spatial and temporal modulation has enabled simultaneous control of electromagnetic (EM) waves in both space and frequency domains by manipulating incident EM waves in a…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-05-08 Shaghayegh Vosoughitabar , Chung-Tse Michael Wu

Metasurfaces have drawn significant attentions due to their superior capability in tailoring electromagnetic waves with a wide frequency range, from microwave to visible light. Recently, programmable metasurfaces have demonstrated the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-09 Wankai Tang , Xiang Li , Jun Yan Dai , Shi Jin , Yong Zeng , Qiang Cheng , Tie Jun Cui

Programmable metasurfaces promise a great potential to construct low-cost phased array systems due to the capability of elaborate modulation over electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, they are in either reflective or transmissive mode, and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-09 Xudong Bai , Longpan Wang , Yuhua Chen , Xilong Lu , Fuli Zhang , Jingfeng Chen , Wen Chen , He-Xiu Xu

Time-reflection is a uniform inversion of the temporal evolution of a signal, which arises when an abrupt change in the properties of the host material occurs uniformly in space. At such a time-interface, a portion of the input signal is…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-06-28 Hady Moussa , Gengyu Xu , Shixiong Yin , Emanuele Galiffi , Younes Radi , Andrea Alù

Space-time modulated metamaterials support extraordinary rich applications, such as parametric amplification, frequency conversion and non-reciprocal transmission. However, experimental realization of space-time modulation is highly…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-01-13 Xinhua Wen , Xinghong Zhu , Alvin Fan , Wing Yim Tam , Jie Zhu , Fabrice Lemoult , Mathias Fink , Jensen Li

Manipulation of radiation is required for enabling a span of electromagnetic applications. Since properties of antennas and scatterers are very sensitive to a surrounding environment, macroscopic artificially created materials are good…

Time-varying photonic systems open new possibilities for controlling light, enabling photonic time crystals, time reflection and refraction, frequency conversion, synthetic gauge fields, optical nonreciprocity, among others. These effects…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-27 Zeki Hayran , John B. Pendry , Prasad P. Iyer , Francesco Monticone

In this manuscript, the temporal rainbow effect for surface acoustic waves (SAW) is illustrated through a temporal analog of space metagradings. We show that a time-modulated array of mechanical resonators induces a wavenumber-preserving…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-01-26 Jonatha Santini , Xingbo Pu , Antonio Palermo , Francesco Braghin , Emanuele Riva

The behavior of electromagnetic waves in media modulated in both time and space, extensively studied decades ago, has recently attracted renewed attention. In this work, we address a central question of this research: can light at an…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-24 M. Sumetsky

We study the properties of a tunable nonlinear metamaterial operating at microwave frequencies. We fabricate the nonlinear metamaterial composed of double split-ring resonators and wires where a varactor diode is introduced into each…

A flexible wave localization is investigated using a spatial-temporal modulation of point defects along the periodic array of electromechanical local resonators of a piezoelectric bimorph beam. By changing the electrical resonance of…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-02-01 Renan Lima Thomes , Danilo Beli , Carlos De Marqui

Electromagnetic environments are becoming increasingly complex and congested, creating a growing challenge for systems that rely on electromagnetic waves for communication, sensing, or imaging, particularly in reverberating environments.…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-02-11 Benjamin W. Frazier , Thomas M. Antonsen , Steven M. Anlage , Edward Ott

Although a rigorous theoretical ground on metasurfaces has been established in the recent years on the basis of the equivalence principle, the majority of metasurfaces for converting a propagating wave into a surface wave are developed in…

The possibility of continuous tuning of the spectral properties of two types of planar metamaterials based on the moire effect by changing their geometric parameters is demonstrated both experimentally and numerically. It is shown that for…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-06-07 Sergey Yu. Polevoy , Sergey I. Tarapov

Time-varying metasurfaces are emerging as a powerful instrument for the dynamical control of the electromagnetic properties of a propagating wave. Here we demonstrate an efficient time-varying metasurface based on plasmonic nano-antennas…

Dielectric metasurfaces provide a unique platform for efficient harmonic generation and optical wavefront manipulation at the nanoscale. Tailoring phase and amplitude of a nonlinearly generated wave with a high emission efficiency using…

Optics · Physics 2022-10-03 David Hähnel , Jens Förstner , Viktor Myroshnychenko

Time-varying media have recently emerged as a new paradigm for wave manipulation, thanks to thesynergy between the discovery of novel, highly nonlinear materials, such as epsilon-near-zero materials, and the questfor novel wave…

The realization of photonic time crystals is a major opportunity but also comes with significant challenges. The most pressing one, potentially, is the requirement for a substantial modulation strength in the material properties to create a…