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We introduce a mechanism that can both hold and amplify electromagnetic waves by rapidly changing the permittivity of the medium during the wave travel from a positive to a dispersionless (i.e. non-Foster) negative value and then back…

This paper presents space-time varying (STV) metasurfaces for simultaneously controlling the spatial and temporal spectra of electromagnetic waves. These metasurfaces transform incident electromagnetic waves into specified reflected and…

Optics · Physics 2019-04-02 Nima Chamanara , Yousef Vahabzadeh , Christophe Caloz

Time-varying dielectric metasurfaces that support sharp optical resonances with nontrivial electromagnetic field distributions constitute a unique platform for realizing temporal interfaces for metasurface-guided waves (MGWs). Rapidly…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-23 Shivaksh Rawat , Samyobrata Mukherjee , Gennady Shvets

Metasurfaces offered great opportunities to control electromagnetic (EM) waves, but currently available meta-devices typically work either in pure reflection or pure transmission mode, leaving half of EM space completely unexplored. Here,…

Applied Physics · Physics 2017-10-04 Tong Cai , GuangMing Wang , ShiWei Tang , HeXiu Xu , JingWen Duan , HuiJie Guo , FuXin Guan , ShuLin Sun , Qiong He , Lei Zhou

In recent years a significant progress has been made in the development of magnet-less nonreciprocity using space-time modulation, both in electromagnetics and acoustics. This approach has so far resulted in a plethora of non-reciprocal…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-06-18 Yakir Hadad , Dimitrios Sounas

Metasurfaces impart phase discontinuities on impinging electromagnetic waves that are typically limited to 0-2$\pi$. Here, we show that they can break free from this limitation and supply arbitrarily-large phase modulation over ultra-wide…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-02-05 Odysseas Tsilipakos , Thomas Koschny , Costas M. Soukoulis

Space-time metamaterials, or materials with properties changing in space and time, have gained a wide-spread interest due to their exotic properties. In this Letter, we propose a novel temporal metasurface of phononic crystals in one and…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 Kshiteej J. Deshmukh

Time-varying media, characterized by dynamic or spacetime-modulated constitutive parameters such as permittivity and permeability, have recently emerged as a transformative paradigm for advanced wave control, transcending the constraints…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-20 Youxiu Yu , Hao Hu , Qianru Yang , Linyang Zou , Dongjue Liu , Hao Chi Zhang , Yu Luo

The conventional description of time-varying media assumes that electromagnetic fields evolve according to fixed continuity conditions during parameter jumps. Here we reveal that these conditions are not physical constraints but tunable…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-24 Yongge Wang , Jingfeng Yao , Ying Wang , Chengxun Yuan , Zhongxiang Zhou

Random media introduce large degrees of freedom in device design and can thus address challenges in manipulating optical waves. Wave shaping with metasurfaces has mainly utilized periodic or quasi-periodic grids, and, the potential of…

Optics · Physics 2018-08-28 Hadiseh Nasari , Matthieu Dupré , Boubacar Kanté

Temporal metamaterials are artificially manufactured materials with time-dependent material properties that exhibit interesting phenomena when waves propagate through them. The propagation of electromagnetic waves in such time-varying…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Christian Döding , Barbara Verfürth

This work investigates the effects of time-varying media, where optical properties change over time, on electromagnetic wave propagation, focusing on plane waves and free-electron evanescent waves. We introduce a switching parameter,…

We present circuit-loaded metasurfaces that behave differently in a passive manner even at the same frequency in accordance with the incoming waveform, specifically, its pulse width. Importantly, the time-varying waveform-selective…

Wave phenomena can be artificially engineered by scattering from metasurfaces, which aids in the design of radio-frequency and optical devices for wireless communication, sensing, imaging, wireless power transfer and bio/medical…

Electromagnetic properties depend on the composition of materials, i.e. either angstrom scales of molecules or, for metamaterials, subwavelength periodic structures. Each material behaves differently in accordance with the frequency of an…

Metasurfaces with subwavelength thickness have exhibited unconventional phenomena in ways that could not be mimicked by traditional materials. Here we report the analytical design and experimental realizations of acoustic metasurface with…

Materials Science · Physics 2014-12-30 Yong Li , Xue Jiang , Rui-qi Li , Bin Liang , Xin-ye Zou , Lei-lei Yin , Jian-chun Cheng

Highly resonant photonic structures, such as cavities and metasurfaces, can dramatically enhance the efficiency of nonlinear processes by utilizing strong optical field enhancement at the resonance. The latter, however, comes at the expense…

Optics · Physics 2024-05-07 Maxim R. Shcherbakov , Pavel Shafirin , Gennady Shvets

As 2D materials with subwavelength structures, elastic metasurfaces show remarkable abilities to manipulate elastic waves at will through artificial boundary conditions. However, the application prospects of current metasurfaces may be…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Guangyuan Su , Yunhao Zhang , Yongquan Liu , Tiejun Wang

We investigate how Rayleigh waves interact with modulated resonators located on the free surface of a semi-infinite elastic medium. We begin by studying the dynamics of a single resonator with time-modulated stiffness. In particular, we…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-10-16 Antonio Palermo , Paolo Celli , Behrooz Yousefzadeh , Chiara Daraio , Alessandro Marzani

Actively tunable and reconfigurable wavefront shaping by optical metasurfaces poses a significant technical challenge often requiring unconventional materials engineering and nanofabrication. Most wavefront-shaping metasurfaces can be…

Optics · Physics 2020-08-24 Stephanie C. Malek , Adam C. Overvig , Sajan Shrestha , Nanfang Yu