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Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance through pretraining on extensive data. This enables efficient adaptation to diverse downstream tasks. However, the lack of interpretability in their underlying mechanisms limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xintong Wang , Jingheng Pan , Liang Ding , Longyue Wang , Longqin Jiang , Xingshan Li , Chris Biemann

This paper generalizes recent results by the authors on noninvasive model-reference adaptive control designs for control-based continuation of periodic orbits in periodically excited linear systems with matched uncertainties to a larger…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-02 Yang Li , Harry Dankowicz

Guiding unconditional diffusion models typically requires either retraining with conditional inputs or per-step gradient computations (e.g., classifier-based guidance), both of which incur substantial computational overhead. We present a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Qingsong Wang , Mikhail Belkin , Yusu Wang

Recent work on activation and latent steering has demonstrated that modifying internal representations can effectively guide large language models (LLMs) toward improved reasoning and efficiency without additional training. However, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Tuc Nguyen , Thai Le

So-called implicit behavioral cloning with energy-based models has shown promising results in robotic manipulation tasks. We tested if the method's advantages carry on to controlling the steering of a real self-driving car with an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Mikita Balesni , Ardi Tampuu , Tambet Matiisen

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in integrating visual and textual information for understanding and reasoning, but remain highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks. While activation steering has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sihao Wu , Gaojie Jin , Wei Huang , Jianhong Wang , Xiaowei Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, but controlling their behavior reliably remains challenging, especially in open-ended generation settings. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Zirui He , Mingyu Jin , Bo Shen , Ali Payani , Yongfeng Zhang , Mengnan Du

Code LLMs often default to particular programming languages and libraries under neutral prompts. We investigate whether these preferences are encoded as approximately linear directions in activation space that can be manipulated at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Md Mahbubur Rahman , Arjun Guha , Harshitha Menon

Activation-based control steers large language models (LLMs) by intervening on their internal representations during inference, and has emerged as an effective paradigm for controlling behaviors such as persona and style. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yingdong Shi , Ruiming Zhang , Changming Li , Zhiyu Yang , Kaixing Zhang , Jingyi Yu , Kan Ren

Effective and reliable control over large language model (LLM) behavior is a significant challenge. While activation steering methods, which add steering vectors to a model's hidden states, are a promising approach, existing techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Samuel Soo , Chen Guang , Wesley Teng , Chandrasekaran Balaganesh , Tan Guoxian , Yan Ming

Recent work in language modeling has raised the possibility of self-improvement, where a language models evaluates and refines its own generations to achieve higher performance without external feedback. It is impossible for this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Audrey Huang , Adam Block , Dylan J. Foster , Dhruv Rohatgi , Cyril Zhang , Max Simchowitz , Jordan T. Ash , Akshay Krishnamurthy

As vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed in open-world scenarios, they can be easily induced by visual jailbreak attacks to generate harmful content, posing serious risks to model safety and trustworthy usage. Recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xingyu Zhu , Beier Zhu , Shuo Wang , Junfeng Fang , Kesen Zhao , Hanwang Zhang , Xiangnan He

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning abilities, while smaller models (<= 3B parameters) significantly underperform on multi-step reasoning tasks. Based on empirical analyses of the Qwen-2.5 model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yang Ouyang , Shuhang Lin , Jung-Eun Kim

The Transformer model architecture has become one of the most widely used in deep learning and the attention mechanism is at its core. The standard attention formulation uses a softmax operation applied to a scaled dot product between query…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Hariprasath Govindarajan , Per Sidén , Jacob Roll , Fredrik Lindsten

Collision avoidance systems play a vital role in reducing the number of vehicle accidents and saving human lives. This paper extends the previous work using evolutionary neural networks for reactive collision avoidance. We are proposing a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Hesham M. Eraqi , Mena Nagiub , Peter Sidra

What does a world model learn from physical exploration, without any linguistic supervision? We argue the answer is organized by a single principle: the geometric structure of the physical world. Training a VAE-based world model on random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jiayi Fang

Activation steering offers a lightweight way to control LLMs without retraining, but its effectiveness varies sharply across concepts. Prior work often reads this variability as evidence that many concepts are not captured by a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 John T. Robertson , Jianing Zhu , Haris Vikalo , Zhangyang Wang

Transformer-based language models excel in NLP tasks, but fine-grained control remains challenging. This paper explores methods for manipulating transformer models through principled interventions at three levels: prompts, activations, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Faruk Alpay , Taylan Alpay

By utilizing only depth information, the paper introduces a novel but efficient local planning approach that enhances not only computational efficiency but also planning performances for memoryless local planners. The sampling is first…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Thai Binh Nguyen , Linh Nguyen , Tanveer Choudhury , Kathleen Keogh , Manzur Murshed

Prior work on controllable text generation has focused on learning how to control language models through trainable decoding, smart-prompt design, or fine-tuning based on a desired objective. We hypothesize that the information needed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Nishant Subramani , Nivedita Suresh , Matthew E. Peters