English
Related papers

Related papers: Structure-Aware Robust Counterfactual Explanations…

200 papers

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) perform well in community detection and molecule classification. Counterfactual Explanations (CE) provide counter-examples to overcome the transparency limitations of black-box models. Due to the growing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Mario Alfonso Prado-Romero , Bardh Prenkaj , Giovanni Stilo , Fosca Giannotti

Recent advances in deep learning have improved multivariate time series (MTS) classification and regression by capturing complex patterns, but their lack of transparency hinders decision-making. Explainable AI (XAI) methods offer partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Alan G. Paredes Cetina , Kaouther Benguessoum , Raoni Lourenço , Sylvain Kubler

Counterfactual Explanations (CEs) help address the question: How can the factors that influence the prediction of a predictive model be changed to achieve a more favorable outcome from a user's perspective? Thus, they bear the potential to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Xuan Zhao , Klaus Broelemann , Gjergji Kasneci

We consider the problem of learning the causal MAG of a system from observational data in the presence of latent variables and selection bias. Constraint-based methods are one of the main approaches for solving this problem, but the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Sina Akbari , Ehsan Mokhtarian , AmirEmad Ghassami , Negar Kiyavash

Causal Bayesian networks (CBN) are popular graphical probabilistic models that encode causal relations among variables. Learning their graphical structure from observational data has received a lot of attention in the literature. When there…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Christophe Gonzales , Amir-Hosein Valizadeh

Much research has been devoted to the problem of learning fair representations; however, they do not explicitly the relationship between latent representations. In many real-world applications, there may be causal relationships between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Ziqi Xu , Jixue Liu , Debo Cheng , Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu , Ke Wang

Deep neural network based question answering (QA) models are neither robust nor explainable in many cases. For example, a multiple-choice QA model, tested without any input of question, is surprisingly "capable" to predict the most of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Sicheng Yu , Yulei Niu , Shuohang Wang , Jing Jiang , Qianru Sun

Counterfactual reasoning -- the practice of asking ``what if'' by varying inputs and observing changes in model behavior -- has become central to interpretable and fair AI. This thesis develops frameworks that use counterfactuals to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Pushkar Shukla

Latent-space optimization methods for counterfactual explanations - framed as minimal semantic perturbations that change model predictions - inherit the ambiguity of Wachter et al.'s objective: the choice of distance metric dictates whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Eslam Zaher , Maciej Trzaskowski , Quan Nguyen , Fred Roosta

Structural causal models are the basic modelling unit in Pearl's causal theory; in principle they allow us to solve counterfactuals, which are at the top rung of the ladder of causation. But they often contain latent variables that limit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Marco Zaffalon , Alessandro Antonucci , Rafael Cabañas

With the ongoing rise of machine learning, the need for methods for explaining decisions made by artificial intelligence systems is becoming a more and more important topic. Especially for image classification tasks, many state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Silvan Mertes , Tobias Huber , Katharina Weitz , Alexander Heimerl , Elisabeth André

This research is focused on generating achievable counterfactual explanations. Given a negative outcome computed by a machine learning model or a decision system, the novel CoGS approach generates (i) a counterfactual solution that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Sopam Dasgupta

The increasing use of Machine Learning (ML) models to aid decision-making in high-stakes industries demands explainability to facilitate trust. Counterfactual Explanations (CEs) are ideally suited for this, as they can offer insights into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Junqi Jiang , Luca Marzari , Aaryan Purohit , Francesco Leofante

Counterfactual Explanations (CFEs) interpret machine learning models by identifying the smallest change to input features needed to change the model's prediction to a desired output. For classification tasks, CFEs determine how close a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Margarita A. Guerrero , Cristian R. Rojas

A new causal discovery method, Structural Agnostic Modeling (SAM), is presented in this paper. Leveraging both conditional independencies and distributional asymmetries, SAM aims to find the underlying causal structure from observational…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-26 Diviyan Kalainathan , Olivier Goudet , Isabelle Guyon , David Lopez-Paz , Michèle Sebag

Many of the causal discovery methods rely on the faithfulness assumption to guarantee asymptotic correctness. However, the assumption can be approximately violated in many ways, leading to sub-optimal solutions. Although there is a line of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Ignavier Ng , Yujia Zheng , Jiji Zhang , Kun Zhang

Clustering algorithms rely on complex optimisation processes that may be difficult to comprehend, especially for individuals who lack technical expertise. While many explainable artificial intelligence techniques exist for supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Aurora Spagnol , Kacper Sokol , Pietro Barbiero , Marc Langheinrich , Martin Gjoreski

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have various practical applications, such as drug discovery, recommendation engines, and chip design. However, GNNs lack transparency as they cannot provide understandable explanations for their predictions. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Samidha Verma , Burouj Armgaan , Sourav Medya , Sayan Ranu

Counterfactual explanations have become a mainstay of the XAI field. This particularly intuitive statement allows the user to understand what small but necessary changes would have to be made to a given situation in order to change a model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Victor Guyomard , Françoise Fessant , Thomas Guyet , Tassadit Bouadi , Alexandre Termier

Structural learning, which aims to learn directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from observational data, is foundational to causal reasoning and scientific discovery. Recent advancements formulate structural learning into a continuous optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Song Wei , Yao Xie