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Continual Learning (CL) aims to enable models to continuously acquire new knowledge from a sequence of tasks with avoiding the forgetting of learned information. However, existing CL methods only rely on the parameters of the most recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Haomiao Qiu , Miao Zhang , Ziyue Qiao , Liqiang Nie

We introduce a problem-level prioritization framework for RL post-training of large language models. Building on insights from prioritized replay in deep RL, as well as prior observations that rollouts with intermediate success rates tend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Mehdi Fatemi

Learning multiple tasks sequentially without forgetting previous knowledge, called Continual Learning(CL), remains a long-standing challenge for neural networks. Most existing methods rely on additional network capacity or data replay. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Hao Liu , Huaping Liu

With the advent and recent ubiquity of foundation models, continual learning (CL) has recently shifted from continual training from scratch to the continual adaptation of pretrained models, seeing particular success on rehearsal-free CL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Lukas Thede , Karsten Roth , Olivier J. Hénaff , Matthias Bethge , Zeynep Akata

Continual learning (CL) studies how models acquire tasks sequentially while retaining previously learned knowledge. Despite substantial progress in benchmarking CL methods, comparative evaluations typically keep the fine-tuning regime…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Paul-Tiberiu Iordache , Elena Burceanu

In recent years, continual learning with pre-training (CLPT) has received widespread interest, instead of its traditional focus of training from scratch. The use of strong pre-trained models (PTMs) can greatly facilitate knowledge transfer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Gengwei Zhang , Liyuan Wang , Guoliang Kang , Ling Chen , Yunchao Wei

Motivated by the efficiency and rapid convergence of pre-trained models for solving downstream tasks, this paper extensively studies the impact of Continual Learning (CL) models as pre-trainers. In both supervised and unsupervised CL, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Jaehong Yoon , Sung Ju Hwang , Yue Cao

Automatic prompt optimization is a promising approach for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, yet existing methods typically search for a specific prompt specialized to a fixed task. This paradigm limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Guanbao Liang , Yuanchen Bei , Sheng Zhou , Yuheng Qin , Huan Zhou , Bingxin Jia , Bin Li , Jiajun Bu

Data availability has dramatically increased in recent years, driving model-based control methods to exploit learning techniques for improving the system description, and thus control performance. Two key factors that hinder the practical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-22 Elena Arcari , Andrea Carron , Melanie N. Zeilinger

Nowadays, real-world applications often face streaming data, which requires the learning system to absorb new knowledge as data evolves. Continual Learning (CL) aims to achieve this goal and meanwhile overcome the catastrophic forgetting of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Da-Wei Zhou , Hai-Long Sun , Jingyi Ning , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan

Nowadays, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been trained using extended context lengths to foster more creative applications. However, long context training poses great challenges considering the constraint of GPU memory. It not only leads…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Pinxue Zhao , Hailin Zhang , Fangcheng Fu , Xiaonan Nie , Qibin Liu , Fang Yang , Yuanbo Peng , Dian Jiao , Shuaipeng Li , Jinbao Xue , Yangyu Tao , Bin Cui

We introduce a neural network architecture that logarithmically reduces the number of self-rehearsal steps in the generative rehearsal of continually learned models. In continual learning (CL), training samples come in subsequent tasks, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Wojciech Masarczyk , Paweł Wawrzyński , Daniel Marczak , Kamil Deja , Tomasz Trzciński

Continual Learning (CL) is a field dedicated to devise algorithms able to achieve lifelong learning. Overcoming the knowledge disruption of previously acquired concepts, a drawback affecting deep learning models and that goes by the name of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Francesco Pelosin

State-of-the-art large multi-modal models (LMMs) face challenges when processing high-resolution images, as these inputs are converted into enormous visual tokens, many of which are irrelevant to the downstream task. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xinyu Huang , Yuhao Dong , Weiwei Tian , Bo Li , Rui Feng , Ziwei Liu

Continual learning (CL) refers to the ability to continually learn over time by accommodating new knowledge while retaining previously learned experience. While this concept is inherent in human learning, current machine learning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Anna Vettoruzzo , Joaquin Vanschoren , Mohamed-Rafik Bouguelia , Thorsteinn Rögnvaldsson

Continual learning (CL) has traditionally focused on minimizing exemplar memory, a constraint often misaligned with modern systems where GPU time, not storage, is the primary bottleneck. This paper challenges this paradigm by investigating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Dongkyu Cho , Taesup Moon , Rumi Chunara , Kyunghyun Cho , Sungmin Cha

Continual learning (CL) aims to incrementally learn different tasks (such as classification) in a non-stationary data stream without forgetting old ones. Most CL works focus on tackling catastrophic forgetting under a learning-from-scratch…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Mark D. McDonnell , Dong Gong , Amin Parveneh , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Anton van den Hengel

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have spurred significant progress in Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. Building on the success of Deepseek-R1, researchers extended multimodal reasoning to post-training paradigms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jianyu Qi , Ding Zou , Wenrui Yan , Rui Ma , Jiaxu Li , Zhijie Zheng , Zhiguo Yang , Rongchang Zhao

Continual learning (CL) has emerged as a pivotal paradigm to enable large language models (LLMs) to dynamically adapt to evolving knowledge and sequential tasks while mitigating catastrophic forgetting-a critical limitation of the static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hongyang Chen , Zhongwu Sun , Hongfei Ye , Kunchi Li , Xuemin Lin

Continual learning (CL) aims to incrementally train a model on a sequence of tasks while retaining performance on prior ones. However, storing and replaying data is often infeasible due to privacy or security constraints and impractical for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ruilin Tong , Haodong Lu , Yuhang Liu , Dong Gong