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While large language models (LLMs) have recently made tremendous progress towards solving challenging AI problems, they have done so at increasingly steep computational and API costs. We propose a novel strategy where we combine multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Wenwen Si , Sooyong Jang , Insup Lee , Osbert Bastani

Future wireless networks are expected to incorporate diverse services that often lack general mathematical models. To address such black-box network management tasks, the large language model (LLM) optimizer framework, which leverages…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Hoon Lee , Wentao Zhou , Merouane Debbah , Inkyu Lee

Large language models~(LLMs) are trained on heterogeneous multilingual corpora, yet existing policy optimization methods often implicitly restrict each training question to a single response language or rely on a fixed dominant language for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Geyang Guo , Hiromi Wakaki , Yuki Mitsufuji , Alan Ritter , Wei Xu

Customized static operator design has enabled widespread application of Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), but their search effectiveness often deteriorates as evolutionary progresses. Dynamic operator configuration approaches attempt to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Rongjie Liao , Junhao Qiu , Xin Chen , Xiaoping Li

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a widely used algorithm for solving expensive black-box optimization problems. However, its performance decreases significantly on high-dimensional problems due to the inherent high-dimensionality of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Jundi Huang , Dawei Zhan

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for equation discovery, yet their outputs are highly sensitive to prompt phrasing, a phenomenon we term instruction brittleness. Static prompts cannot adapt to the evolving state of a multi-step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Junqi Qu , Yan Zhang , Shangqian Gao , Shibo Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) show potential as sequential decision-making agents, but their application is often limited due to a reliance on large, computationally expensive models. This creates a need to improve smaller models, yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Jim Dilkes , Vahid Yazdanpanah , Sebastian Stein

We study the problem of selecting large language models (LLMs) for user queries in settings where multiple LLM providers submit the cost of solving a query. From the users' perspective, choosing an optimal model is a sequential,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Pronoy Patra , Sankarshan Damle , Manisha Padala , Sujit Gujar

Large language models (LLMs) have been adopted to solve sequential decision-making tasks such as multi-armed bandits (MAB), in which an LLM is directly instructed to select the arms to pull in every iteration. However, this paradigm of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jiahang Sun , Zhiyong Wang , Runhan Yang , Chenjun Xiao , John C. S. Lui , Zhongxiang Dai

Data augmentation is a critical component of deep learning pipelines, enhancing model generalization by increasing dataset diversity. Traditional augmentation strategies rely on manually designed transformations, stochastic sampling, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Ant Duru , Alptekin Temizel

This paper introduces a methodology leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for sector-level portfolio allocation through systematic analysis of macroeconomic conditions and market sentiment. Our framework emphasizes top-down sector…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Ryan Quek Wei Heng , Edoardo Vittori , Keane Ong , Rui Mao , Erik Cambria , Gianmarco Mengaldo

Many important scientific problems involve multivariate optimization coupled with slow and laborious experimental measurements. These complex, high-dimensional searches can be defined by non-convex optimization landscapes that resemble…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Abdoulatif Cissé , Xenophon Evangelopoulos , Vladimir V. Gusev , Andrew I. Cooper

Existing Bayesian Optimization (BO) methods typically balance exploration and exploitation to optimize costly objective functions. However, these methods often suffer from a significant one-step bias, which may lead to convergence towards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Ruiyao Miao , Junren Xiao , Shiya Tsang , Hui Xiong , Yingnian Wu

Data Augmentation (DA) has become an essential tool to improve robustness and generalization of modern machine learning. However, when deciding on DA strategies it is critical to choose parameters carefully, and this can be a daunting task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Madi Matymov , Ba-Hien Tran , Michael Kampffmeyer , Markus Heinonen , Maurizio Filippone

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong few-shot generalization through in-context learning, yet their reasoning in dynamic and stochastic environments remains opaque. Prior studies mainly focus on static tasks and overlook the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Jensen Zhang , Jing Yang , Keze Wang

Traditional on-policy Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) frameworks suffer from experience waste and reward homogeneity, which directly hinders learning efficiency on difficult samples during large language models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xu Wan , Yansheng Wang , Wenqi Huang , Mingyang Sun

Large language models (LLMs) have recently been employed as agents to solve sequential decision-making tasks such as Bayesian optimization and multi-armed bandits (MAB). These works usually adopt an LLM for sequential action selection by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Mingze Kong , Zhiyong Wang , Yao Shu , Zhongxiang Dai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning abilities, prompting interest in their application as black-box optimizers. This paper asserts that LLMs possess the capability for zero-shot optimization across diverse…

This paper presents a multi-staged approach to nonmyopic adaptive Gaussian process optimization (GPO) for Bayesian optimization (BO) of unknown, highly complex objective functions that, in contrast to existing nonmyopic adaptive BO…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Dmitrii Kharkovskii , Chun Kai Ling , Kian Hsiang Low

Traditional optimization methods excel in well-defined search spaces but struggle with design problems where transformations and design parameters are difficult to define. Large language models (LLMs) offer a promising alternative by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Anthony Carreon , Vansh Sharma , Venkat Raman