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Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant deployment challenges due to their substantial memory requirements and the computational demands of auto-regressive text generation process. This paper addresses these challenges by focusing on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Yuxuan Yue , Zhihang Yuan , Haojie Duanmu , Sifan Zhou , Jianlong Wu , Liqiang Nie

As the size of large language models (LLMs) continues to grow, model compression without sacrificing accuracy has become a crucial challenge for deployment. While some quantization methods, such as GPTQ, have made progress in achieving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Liang Li , Qingyuan Li , Bo Zhang , Xiangxiang Chu

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is crucial for efficient model deployment, yet its effectiveness on Ascend NPU remains under-explored compared to GPU architectures. This paper presents a case study of representative PTQ baselines applied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yuchen Luo , Fangyue Zhu , Ruining Zhou , Mingzhe Huang , Jian Zhu , Fanyu Fan , Wei Shao

Large language models (LLMs) are omnipresent, however their practical deployment is challenging due to their ever increasing computational and memory demands. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to make them more compute and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yelysei Bondarenko , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Markus Nagel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, their deployment is challenging due to the substantial computational resources required. Power-of-two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xinyu Wang , Vahid Partovi Nia , Peng Lu , Jerry Huang , Xiao-Wen Chang , Boxing Chen , Yufei Cui

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across diverse tasks, but their large memory and compute demands hinder deployment. Ternarization has gained attention as a promising compression technique, delivering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Xianglong Yan , Chengzhu Bao , Zhiteng Li , Tianao Zhang , Kaicheng Yang , Haotong Qin , Ruobing Xie , Xingwu Sun , Yulun Zhang

In this paper, we propose Mix-QViT, an explainability-driven MPQ framework that systematically allocates bit-widths to each layer based on two criteria: layer importance, assessed via Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP), which identifies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Navin Ranjan , Andreas Savakis

Quantization plays an important role in the energy-efficient deployment of deep neural networks on resource-limited devices. Post-training quantization is highly desirable since it does not require retraining or access to the full training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Jun Fang , Ali Shafiee , Hamzah Abdel-Aziz , David Thorsley , Georgios Georgiadis , Joseph Hassoun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks. However, their practical application is constrained by substantial memory and computational demands. Post-training quantization (PTQ) is considered an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Chao Zeng , Songwei Liu , Yusheng Xie , Hong Liu , Xiaojian Wang , Miao Wei , Shu Yang , Fangmin Chen , Xing Mei

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks. However, their practical deployment is hindered by their immense memory and computation requirements. Although recent post-training quantization (PTQ)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Wenqi Shao , Mengzhao Chen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Peng Xu , Lirui Zhao , Zhiqian Li , Kaipeng Zhang , Peng Gao , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo

Quantization has become a crucial step for the efficient deployment of deep neural networks, where floating point operations are converted to simpler fixed point operations. In its most naive form, it simply consists in a combination of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Edouard Yvinec , Arnaud Dapogny , Kevin Bailly

Tiny machine learning (tinyML) has emerged during the past few years aiming to deploy machine learning models to embedded AI processors with highly constrained memory and computation capacity. Low precision quantization is an important…

Quantization is an effective technique for reducing the storage footprint and computational costs of Large Language Models (LLMs), but it often results in performance degradation. Existing post-training quantization methods typically use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Everlyn Asiko Chimoto , Mostafa Elhoushi , Bruce A. Bassett

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has intensified the need for effective mechanisms to transform continuous multimodal data into discrete representations suitable for language-based processing. Discrete tokenization,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Jindong Li , Yali Fu , Jiahong Liu , Linxiao Cao , Wei Ji , Menglin Yang , Irwin King , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities but typically require extensive computational resources and memory for inference. Post-training quantization (PTQ) can effectively reduce these demands by storing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xi Zhang , Xiaolin Wu , Jiamang Wang , Weisi Lin

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) achieve outstanding performance, yet their huge model size severely hinders deployment on edge devices with limited resources. As an efficient model compression technique, vector quantization (VQ) excels in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhong Wang , Zukang Xu , Xing Hu , Dawei Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used across many domains, but their scale makes deployment challenging. Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) reduces memory footprint without retraining by leveraging a small calibration set. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jaemin Kim , Sungkyun Kim , Junyeol Lee , Jiwon Seo

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has become a crucial tool for reducing the memory and compute costs of modern deep neural networks, including large language models (LLMs). Among PTQ algorithms, the OPTQ framework-also known as GPTQ-has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Haoyu Zhang , Shihao Zhang , Ian Colbert , Rayan Saab

Parameter quantization for Large Language Models (LLMs) has attracted increasing attentions recently in reducing memory costs and improving computational efficiency. Early approaches have been widely adopted. However, the existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Haoyu Wang , Bei Liu , Hang Shao , Bo Xiao , Ke Zeng , Guanglu Wan , Yanmin Qian

Deploying Vision-Language Models (VLMs) under aggressive low-bit inference remains challenging because inference cost is dominated by the long visual-token prefix during prefill and the growing KV cache during autoregressive decoding. Token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xinqing Li , Xin He , Xindong Zhang , Ming-Ming Cheng , Lei Zhang , Yun Liu