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Representation learning has become an invaluable approach for learning from symbolic data such as text and graphs. However, while complex symbolic datasets often exhibit a latent hierarchical structure, state-of-the-art methods typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-29 Maximilian Nickel , Douwe Kiela

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the factual grounding of Large Language Models by conditioning their outputs on external documents. However, standard embedding-based retrievers treat naturally structured corpora, such as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Giorgia Bolognesi , Claudio Estatico , Ulderico Fugacci , Isabella Mastroianni , Claudio Muselli , Luca Oneto

Transformer-based models have advanced the field of question answering, but multi-hop reasoning, where answers require combining evidence across multiple passages, remains difficult. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zichen Zhang , Kunlong Zhang , Hongwei Ruan , Yiming Luo

Most previous heterogeneous graph embedding models represent elements in a heterogeneous graph as vector representations in a low-dimensional Euclidean space. However, because heterogeneous graphs inherently possess complex structures, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Jongmin Park , Seunghoon Han , Soohwan Jeong , Sungsu Lim

This survey reviews hyperbolic graph embedding models, and evaluate them on anomaly detection, highlighting their advantages over Euclidean methods in capturing complex structures. Evaluating models like \textit{HGCAE},…

Dense vector retrieval is the practical backbone of Retrieval- Augmented Generation (RAG), but similarity search can suffer from precision limitations. Conversely, utility-based approaches leveraging LLM re-ranking often achieve superior…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Rajinder Sandhu , Di Mu , Cheng Chang , Md Shahriar Tasjid , Himanshu Rai , Maksims Volkovs , Ga Wu

Detecting events and their evolution through time is a crucial task in natural language understanding. Recent neural approaches to event temporal relation extraction typically map events to embeddings in the Euclidean space and train a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xingwei Tan , Gabriele Pergola , Yulan He

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a common way to ground language models in external documents and up-to-date information. Classical retrieval systems relied on lexical methods such as BM25, which rank documents by term overlap with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Martin Asenov , Kenza Benkirane , Dan Goldwater , Aneiss Ghodsi

Hierarchical data arise in countless domains, from biological taxonomies and organizational charts to legal codes and knowledge graphs. Residual Quantization (RQ) is widely used to generate discrete, multitoken representations for such data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Piotr Piękos , Subhradeep Kayal , Alexandros Karatzoglou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a prevalent approach to infuse a private knowledge base of documents with Large Language Models (LLM) to build Generative Q\&A (Question-Answering) systems. However, RAG accuracy becomes increasingly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Kunal Sawarkar , Abhilasha Mangal , Shivam Raj Solanki

Our ability to continuously acquire, organize, and leverage knowledge is a key feature of human intelligence that AI systems must approximate to unlock their full potential. Given the challenges in continual learning with large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Bernal Jiménez Gutiérrez , Yiheng Shu , Weijian Qi , Sizhe Zhou , Yu Su

Hyperbolic representation learning has been widely used to extract implicit hierarchies within data, and recently it has found its way to the open-world classification task of Generalized Category Discovery (GCD). However, prior hyperbolic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Mohamad Dalal , Thomas B. Moeslund , Joakim Bruslund Haurum

Temporal knowledge graph (TKG) reasoning predicts future events based on historical data, but it's challenging due to the complex semantic and hierarchical information involved. Existing Euclidean models excel at capturing semantics but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Siling Feng , Zhisheng Qi , Cong Lin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a powerful technique for enriching Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge, allowing for factually grounded responses, a critical requirement in high-stakes domains such as healthcare.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Eduardo Martínez Rivera , Filippo Menolascina

Polymer literature contains a large and growing body of experimental knowledge, yet much of it is buried in unstructured text and inconsistent terminology, making systematic retrieval and reasoning difficult. Existing tools typically…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Sonakshi Gupta , Akhlak Mahmood , Wei Xiong , Rampi Ramprasad

Learning embeddings of entities and relations existing in knowledge bases allows the discovery of hidden patterns in data. In this work, we examine the geometrical space's contribution to the task of knowledge base completion. We focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Prodromos Kolyvakis , Alexandros Kalousis , Dimitris Kiritsis

Modern retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems treat vector embeddings as static, context-free artifacts: an embedding has no notion of when it was created, how trustworthy its source is, or which other embeddings depend on it. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Naizhong Xu

The volume of scientific literature is growing exponentially, leading to underutilized discoveries, duplicated efforts, and limited cross-disciplinary collaboration. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a way to assist scientists by…

Data representation in non-Euclidean spaces has proven effective for capturing hierarchical and complex relationships in real-world datasets. Hyperbolic spaces, in particular, provide efficient embeddings for hierarchical structures. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Jacob Fein-Ashley , Ethan Feng , Minh Pham

Recent research in representation learning has shown that hierarchical data lends itself to low-dimensional and highly informative representations in hyperbolic space. However, even if hyperbolic embeddings have gathered attention in image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Gabriel Moreira , Manuel Marques , João Paulo Costeira , Alexander Hauptmann