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Designing protein binders targeting specific sites, which requires to generate realistic and functional interaction patterns, is a fundamental challenge in drug discovery. Current structure-based generative models are limited in generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Zishen Zhang , Xiangzhe Kong , Wenbing Huang , Yang Liu

Protein inverse folding aims to design an amino acid sequence that will fold into a given backbone structure, serving as a central task in protein design. Two main paradigms have been widely explored. Template-based methods exploit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yiran Zhu , Changxi Chi , Hongxin Xiang , Wenjie Du , Xiaoqi Wang , Jun Xia

Molecular docking is a central method in the computer-based screening of compound libraries as a part of the rational approach to drug design. Although the method has proved its competence in predicting binding modes correctly, its inherent…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2014-04-01 Eva Kiszka

Drug--target affinity prediction is pivotal for accelerating drug discovery, yet existing methods suffer from significant performance degradation in realistic cold-start scenarios (unseen drugs/targets/pairs), primarily driven by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zihan Dun , Liuyi Xu , An-Yang Lu , Shuang Li , Yining Qian

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) induced by small molecules has emerged as a rapidly evolving modality in drug discovery, targeting proteins traditionally considered "undruggable". Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and molecular…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-27 Fanglei Xue , Meihan Zhang , Shuqi Li , Xinyu Gao , James A. Wohlschlegel , Wenbing Huang , Yi Yang , Weixian Deng

We theorize that phylogenetic profiles provide a quantitative method that can relate the structural and functional properties of proteins, as well as their evolutionary relationships. A key feature of phylogenetic profiles is the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2009-11-04 Yoojin Hong , Jaewoo Kang , Dongwon Lee , Randen L. Patterson , Damian B. van Rossum

The evolutionary trajectory of a protein through sequence space is constrained by function and three-dimensional (3D) structure. Residues in spatial proximity tend to co-evolve, yet attempts to invert the evolutionary record to identify…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2015-03-13 Debora S. Marks , Lucy J. Colwell , Robert Sheridan , Thomas A. Hopf , Andrea Pagnani , Riccardo Zecchina , Chris Sander

Accurate prediction of protein-ligand binding affinity remains a central challenge in structure-based drug discovery. The effectiveness of machine learning models critically depends on the quality of molecular descriptors, for which…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-24 Jian Liu , Hongsong Feng

Computational approaches to drug discovery can reduce the time and cost associated with experimental assays and enable the screening of novel chemotypes. Structure-based drug design methods rely on scoring functions to rank and predict…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-19 Matthew Ragoza , Joshua Hochuli , Elisa Idrobo , Jocelyn Sunseri , David Ryan Koes

Structure-based drug discovery (SBDD) is a systematic scientific process that develops new drugs by leveraging the detailed physical structure of the target protein. Recent advancements in pre-trained models for biomolecules have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Yiheng Zhu , Mingyang Li , Junlong Liu , Kun Fu , Jiansheng Wu , Qiuyi Li , Mingze Yin , Jieping Ye , Jian Wu , Zheng Wang

The discovery of novel drug target (DT) interactions is an important step in the drug development process. The majority of computer techniques for predicting DT interactions have focused on binary classification, with the goal of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Partho Ghosh , Md. Aynal Haque

Structure-based drug design (SBDD), which maps target proteins to candidate molecular ligands, is a fundamental task in drug discovery. Effectively aligning protein structural representations with molecular representations, and ensuring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Wei Zhang , Zekun Guo , Yingce Xia , Peiran Jin , Shufang Xie , Tao Qin , Xiang-Yang Li

Accurate prediction of compound-protein interactions (CPI) remains a cornerstone challenge in computational drug discovery. While existing sequence-based approaches leverage molecular fingerprints or graph representations, they critically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Ngoc-Quang Nguyen

We present TaxaBind, a unified embedding space for characterizing any species of interest. TaxaBind is a multimodal embedding space across six modalities: ground-level images of species, geographic location, satellite image, text, audio,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Srikumar Sastry , Subash Khanal , Aayush Dhakal , Adeel Ahmad , Nathan Jacobs

While many good textbooks are available on Protein Structure, Molecular Simulations, Thermodynamics and Bioinformatics methods in general, there is no good introductory level book for the field of Structural Bioinformatics. This book aims…

The Gene or DNA sequence in every cell does not control genetic properties on its own; Rather, this is done through translation of DNA into protein and subsequent formation of a certain 3D structure. The biological function of a protein is…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Leila Khalatbari , Mohammad Reza Kangavari , Saeid Hosseini , Hongzhi Yin , Ngai-Man Cheung

Molecular docking, a technique for predicting ligand binding poses, is crucial in structure-based drug design for understanding protein-ligand interactions. Recent advancements in docking methods, particularly those leveraging geometric…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-17 Jiaxian Yan , Zaixi Zhang , Jintao Zhu , Kai Zhang , Jianfeng Pei , Qi Liu

Protein-ligand scoring is an important step in a structure-based drug design pipeline. Selecting a correct binding pose and predicting the binding affinity of a protein-ligand complex enables effective virtual screening. Machine learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-19 Joshua Hochuli , Alec Helbling , Tamar Skaist , Matthew Ragoza , David Ryan Koes

Protein language models often take into consideration the alignment between a protein sequence and its textual description. However, they do not take structural information into consideration. Traditional methods treat sequence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Aditya Ranganath , Hasin Us Sami , Kowshik Thopalli , Bhavya Kailkhura , Wesam Sakla

Virtual screening (VS) is a critical component of modern drug discovery, yet most existing methods--whether physics-based or deep learning-based--are developed around holo protein structures with known ligand-bound pockets. Consequently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Wenyu Zhu , Jianhui Wang , Bowen Gao , Yinjun Jia , Haichuan Tan , Ya-Qin Zhang , Wei-Ying Ma , Yanyan Lan