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Related papers: Towards Robust Scaling Laws for Optimizers

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Neural scaling laws have driven significant advancements in machine learning, particularly in domains like language modeling and computer vision. However, the exploration of neural scaling laws within robotics has remained relatively…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Sebastian Sartor , Neil Thompson

Neural scaling laws characterize how model performance improves as the model size scales up. Inspired by empirical observations, we introduce a resource model of neural scaling. A task is usually composite hence can be decomposed into many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Jinyeop Song , Ziming Liu , Max Tegmark , Jeff Gore

Modern LLM pre-training consumes vast amounts of compute and training data, making the scaling behavior, or scaling laws, of different models a key distinguishing factor. Discrete diffusion language models (DLMs) have been proposed as an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Dimitri von Rütte , Janis Fluri , Omead Pooladzandi , Bernhard Schölkopf , Thomas Hofmann , Antonio Orvieto

While the scaling laws of large language models (LLMs) training have been extensively studied, optimal inference configurations of LLMs remain underexplored. We study inference scaling laws (aka test-time scaling laws) and compute-optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yangzhen Wu , Zhiqing Sun , Shanda Li , Sean Welleck , Yiming Yang

Upweighting high-quality data in LLM pretraining often improves performance, but in datalimited regimes, especially under overtraining, stronger upweighting increases repetition and can degrade performance. However, standard scaling laws do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Fengze Liu , Weidong Zhou , Binbin Liu , Ping Guo , Zijun Wang , Bingni Zhang , Yifan Zhang , Yifeng Yu , Xiaohuan Zhou , Taifeng Wang

Low-precision training is critical for optimizing the trade-off between model quality and training costs, necessitating the joint allocation of model size, dataset size, and numerical precision. While empirical scaling laws suggest that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-27 Dechen Zhang , Xuan Tang , Yingyu Liang , Difan Zou

Scaling laws for large language models (LLMs) predict model performance based on parameters like size and training data. However, differences in training configurations and data processing across model families lead to significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Felipe Maia Polo , Seamus Somerstep , Leshem Choshen , Yuekai Sun , Mikhail Yurochkin

Neural scaling laws have revolutionized the design and optimization of large-scale AI models by revealing predictable relationships between model size, dataset volume, and computational resources. Early research established power-law…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ayan Sengupta , Yash Goel , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Scaling laws are a critical component of the LLM development pipeline, most famously as a way to forecast training decisions such as 'compute-optimally' trading-off parameter count and dataset size, alongside a more recent growing list of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Nicholas Roberts , Niladri Chatterji , Sharan Narang , Mike Lewis , Dieuwke Hupkes

The scaling exponent $\alpha$ in neural scaling laws $L(N) \propto N^{-\alpha}$ is commonly treated as a fixed constant set by architecture and data. We present evidence that $\alpha$ depends systematically on the optimizer. In controlled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Vansh Ramani , Shourya Vir Jain

Uncovering early-stage metrics that reflect final model performance is one core principle for large-scale pretraining. The existing scaling law demonstrates the power-law correlation between pretraining loss and training flops, which serves…

Pruning eliminates unnecessary parameters in neural networks; it offers a promising solution to the growing computational demands of large language models (LLMs). While many focus on post-training pruning, sparse pre-training--which…

Pruning has become a widely adopted technique for reducing the hardware requirements of large language models (LLMs). To recover model performance after pruning, post-training is commonly employed to mitigate the resulting performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xiaodong Chen , Yuxuan Hu , Xiaokang Zhang , Yanling Wang , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen , Jing Zhang

The remarkable success of large language pretraining and the discovery of scaling laws signify a paradigm shift in machine learning. Notably, the primary objective has evolved from minimizing generalization error to reducing approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Lechao Xiao

In studies of transferable learning, scaling laws are obtained for various important foundation models to predict their properties and performance at larger scales. We show here how scaling law derivation can also be used for model and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Marianna Nezhurina , Tomer Porian , Giovanni Pucceti , Tommie Kerssies , Romain Beaumont , Mehdi Cherti , Jenia Jitsev

Large language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks, primarily attributed to the utilization of diversely sourced data. However, the impact of pretraining data composition on model performance remains poorly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Ce Ge , Zhijian Ma , Daoyuan Chen , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding

Research on scaling large language models (LLMs) has primarily focused on model parameters and training data size, overlooking the role of vocabulary size. We investigate how vocabulary size impacts LLM scaling laws by training models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Chaofan Tao , Qian Liu , Longxu Dou , Niklas Muennighoff , Zhongwei Wan , Ping Luo , Min Lin , Ngai Wong

A primary cost driver for training large models is wall-clock training time. We show that popular time estimates based on FLOPs are poor estimates, and construct a more accurate proxy based on memory copies. This allows us to accurately…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Itay Inbar , Luke Sernau

Running faster will only get you so far -- it is generally advisable to first understand where the roads lead, then get a car ... The renaissance of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) over the last decade is accompanied by an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Jonathan S. Rosenfeld

Modern foundation models rely heavily on using scaling laws to guide crucial training decisions. Researchers often extrapolate the optimal architecture and hyper parameters settings from smaller training runs by describing the relationship…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Margaret Li , Sneha Kudugunta , Luke Zettlemoyer