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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs)-based recommendation algorithms typically assume that training and testing data are drawn from independent and identically distributed (IID) spaces. However, this assumption often fails in the presence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Chu Zhao , Enneng Yang , Yuliang Liang , Pengxiang Lan , Yuting Liu , Jianzhe Zhao , Guibing Guo , Xingwei Wang

Graph Out-of-Distribution (OOD), requiring that models trained on biased data generalize to the unseen test data, has considerable real-world applications. One of the most mainstream methods is to extract the invariant subgraph by aligning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Xuexin Chen , Ruichu Cai , Kaitao Zheng , Zhifan Jiang , Zhengting Huang , Zhifeng Hao , Zijian Li

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are proven effective in extracting complex node and structural information from graph data. While current GNNs perform well in node classification tasks within in-distribution (ID) settings, real-world scenarios…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Tao Yin , Chen Zhao , Xiaoyan Liu , Minglai Shao

In this paper, we study the OOD generalization of neural algorithmic reasoning tasks, where the goal is to learn an algorithm (e.g., sorting, breadth-first search, and depth-first search) from input-output pairs using deep neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Sadegh Mahdavi , Kevin Swersky , Thomas Kipf , Milad Hashemi , Christos Thrampoulidis , Renjie Liao

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have found widespread application in modeling graph data across diverse domains. While GNNs excel in scenarios where the testing data shares the distribution of their training counterparts (in distribution, ID),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Luzhi Wang , Dongxiao He , He Zhang , Yixin Liu , Wenjie Wang , Shirui Pan , Di Jin , Tat-Seng Chua

Uncovering rationales behind predictions of graph neural networks (GNNs) has received increasing attention over recent years. Instance-level GNN explanation aims to discover critical input elements, like nodes or edges, that the target GNN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Tianxiang Zhao , Dongsheng Luo , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are state-of-the-art models for performing prediction tasks on graphs. While existing GNNs have shown great performance on various tasks related to graphs, little attention has been paid to the scenario where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Yu Song , Donglin Wang

Uncovering rationales behind predictions of graph neural networks (GNNs) has received increasing attention over recent years. Instance-level GNN explanation aims to discover critical input elements, like nodes or edges, that the target GNN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Tianxiang Zhao , Dongsheng Luo , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

Learning on graphs, where instance nodes are inter-connected, has become one of the central problems for deep learning, as relational structures are pervasive and induce data inter-dependence which hinders trivial adaptation of existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Qitian Wu , Yiting Chen , Chenxiao Yang , Junchi Yan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) achieve state-of-the-art performance in various graph-related tasks. However, the black-box nature often limits their interpretability and trustworthiness. Numerous explainability methods have been proposed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Jialin Chen , Kenza Amara , Junchi Yu , Rex Ying

Due to the performance degradation of graph neural networks (GNNs) under distribution shifts, the work on out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization on graphs has received widespread attention. A novel perspective involves distinguishing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Haoran Yang , Xiaobing Pei , Kai Yuan

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization remains a fundamental challenge in real-world classification, where test distributions often differ substantially from training data. Most existing approaches pursue domain-invariant representations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Chen Cheng , Ang Li

Graph Out-of-Distribution (OOD), requiring that models trained on biased data generalize to the unseen test data, has a massive of real-world applications. One of the most mainstream methods is to extract the invariant subgraph by aligning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Xuexin Chen , Ruichu Cai , Kaitao Zheng , Zhifan Jiang , Zhengting Huang , Zhifeng Hao , Zijian Li

The widespread deployment of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) sparks significant interest in their explainability, which plays a vital role in model auditing and ensuring trustworthy graph learning. The objective of GNN explainability is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Jialin Chen , Shirley Wu , Abhijit Gupta , Rex Ying

This paper presents Gem, a model-agnostic approach for providing interpretable explanations for any GNNs on various graph learning tasks. Specifically, we formulate the problem of providing explanations for the decisions of GNNs as a causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Wanyu Lin , Hao Lan , Baochun Li

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) graphs is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of Graph Neural Networks. In unsupervised graph-level OOD detection, models are typically trained using only in-distribution (ID) data, resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Li Sun , Lanxu Yang , Jiayu Tian , Bowen Fang , Xiaoyan Yu , Junda Ye , Peng Tang , Hao Peng , Philip S. Yu

The exploration of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for processing graph-structured data has expanded, particularly their potential for causal analysis due to their universal approximation capabilities. Anticipated to significantly enhance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Simi Job , Xiaohui Tao , Taotao Cai , Lin Li , Haoran Xie , Jianming Yong

As one of the most popular machine learning models today, graph neural networks (GNNs) have attracted intense interest recently, and so does their explainability. Users are increasingly interested in a better understanding of GNN models and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Kenza Amara , Rex Ying , Zitao Zhang , Zhihao Han , Yinan Shan , Ulrik Brandes , Sebastian Schemm , Ce Zhang

Existing rule-based explanations for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) provide global interpretability but often optimize and assess fidelity in an intermediate, uninterpretable concept space, overlooking grounding quality for end users in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Chuqin Geng , Ziyu Zhao , Zhaoyue Wang , Haolin Ye , Yuhe Jiang , Xujie Si

Generating explanations for graph neural networks (GNNs) has been studied to understand their behavior in analytical tasks such as graph classification. Existing approaches aim to understand the overall results of GNNs rather than providing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Tingyang Chen , Dazhuo Qiu , Yinghui Wu , Arijit Khan , Xiangyu Ke , Yunjun Gao