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Visual language models (VLMs) have made significant advances in accuracy in recent years. However, their efficiency has received much less attention. This paper introduces NVILA, a family of open VLMs designed to jointly optimize efficiency…

The visual projector serves as an essential bridge between the visual encoder and the Large Language Model (LLM) in a Multimodal LLM (MLLM). Typically, MLLMs adopt a simple MLP to preserve all visual contexts via one-to-one transformation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Wentong Li , Yuqian Yuan , Jian Liu , Dongqi Tang , Song Wang , Jie Qin , Jianke Zhu , Lei Zhang

In vision-language models (VLMs), visual tokens usually bear a significant amount of computational overhead despite sparsity of information in them when compared to text tokens. To address this, most existing methods learn a network to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yuan Zhang , Chun-Kai Fan , Junpeng Ma , Wenzhao Zheng , Tao Huang , Kuan Cheng , Denis Gudovskiy , Tomoyuki Okuno , Yohei Nakata , Kurt Keutzer , Shanghang Zhang

Recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant progress in perceiving and reasoning over multimodal inquiries, ushering in a new research era for foundation models. However, vision-language misalignment in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Wei-Yao Wang , Zhao Wang , Helen Suzuki , Yoshiyuki Kobayashi

Vision and Language Pretraining has become the prevalent approach for tackling multimodal downstream tasks. The current trend is to move towards ever larger models and pretraining datasets. This computational headlong rush does not seem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Mustafa Shukor , Guillaume Couairon , Matthieu Cord

Multimodal in-context learning (ICL) equips Large Vision-language Models (LVLMs) with the ability to adapt to new tasks via multiple user-provided demonstrations, without requiring any model parameter updates. However, its effectiveness is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yanshu Li , Yi Cao , Hongyang He , Qisen Cheng , Xiang Fu , Xi Xiao , Tianyang Wang , Ruixiang Tang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in vision understanding, reasoning, and interaction. However, the inference computation and memory increase progressively with the generation of output tokens during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Wenxuan Huang , Zijie Zhai , Yunhang Shen , Shaosheng Cao , Fei Zhao , Xiangfeng Xu , Zheyu Ye , Yao Hu , Shaohui Lin

Multimodal in-context learning (ICL) is becoming a key capability that allows large vision-language models (LVLMs) to adapt to novel tasks without parameter updates, which expands their usefulness in many real-world applications. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yanshu Li , Jianjiang Yang , Ziteng Yang , Bozheng Li , Ligong Han , Hongyang He , Zhengtao Yao , Yingjie Victor Chen , Songlin Fei , Dongfang Liu , Ruixiang Tang

Vision Transformers (ViTs) achieve strong data-driven scaling by leveraging all-to-all self-attention. However, this flexibility incurs a computational cost that scales quadratically with image resolution, limiting ViTs in high-resolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Alan Z. Song , Yinjie Chen , Mu Nan , Rui Zhang , Jiahang Cao , Weijian Mai , Muquan Yu , Hossein Adeli , Deva Ramanan , Michael J. Tarr , Andrew F. Luo

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities in comprehending complex visual content. However, the mechanisms underlying how VLMs process visual information remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Omri Kaduri , Shai Bagon , Tali Dekel

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled impressive progress in vision-language understanding, yet their high computational cost limits deployment in resource-constrained scenarios such as robotic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Quoc-Huy Trinh

While Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have made significant progress, they remain largely text-centric, relying on language as their core reasoning modality. As a result, they are limited in their ability to handle reasoning tasks that are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Kelvin Li , Chuyi Shang , Leonid Karlinsky , Rogerio Feris , Trevor Darrell , Roei Herzig

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities across various visual understanding and reasoning tasks, driven by incorporating image representations into the token inputs of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kevin Y. Li , Sachin Goyal , Joao D. Semedo , J. Zico Kolter

Recent advances in large video-language models have displayed promising outcomes in video comprehension. Current approaches straightforwardly convert video into language tokens and employ large language models for multi-modal tasks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Fan Ma , Xiaojie Jin , Heng Wang , Yuchen Xian , Jiashi Feng , Yi Yang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) enable sophisticated reasoning over images and videos, yet their inference is hindered by a systemic efficiency barrier known as visual token dominance. This overhead is driven by a multi-regime…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jun Zhang , Yicheng Ji , Feiyang Ren , Yihang Li , Bowen Zeng , Zonghao Chen , Ke Chen , Lidan Shou , Gang Chen , Huan Li

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success by integrating visual encoders with large language models (LLMs). While VLMs process dense image tokens across deep transformer stacks (incurring substantial computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Sambit Ghosh , R. Venkatesh Babu , Chirag Agarwal

The computational expense of redundant vision tokens in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) has led many existing methods to compress them via a vision projector. However, this compression may lose visual information that is crucial for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Ze Feng , Jiang-jiang Liu , Sen Yang , Lingyu Xiao , Zhibin Quan , Zhenhua Feng , Wankou Yang , Jingdong Wang

The integration of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models into autonomous driving systems offers a unified framework for interpreting complex scenes and executing control commands. However, the necessity to incorporate historical multi-view…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Yiru Wang , Anqing Jiang , Shuo Wang , Yuwen Heng , Zichong Gu , Hao Sun

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in vision-language understanding, yet how they internally integrate visual and textual information remains poorly understood. To bridge this gap, we perform a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Shezheng Song , Shasha Li , Jie Yu

Recent Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have advanced multi-modal understanding by incorporating finer-grained visual perception and encoding. However, such methods incur significant computational costs due to longer visual token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ce Zhang , Kaixin Ma , Tianqing Fang , Wenhao Yu , Hongming Zhang , Zhisong Zhang , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu