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Existing approaches to bias evaluation in large language models (LLMs) trade ecological validity for statistical control, relying either on artificial prompts that poorly reflect real-world use or on naturalistic tasks that lack scale and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Akram Elbouanani , Aboubacar Tuo , Adrian Popescu

LLM coding benchmarks face a credibility crisis: widespread solution leakage and test quality issues undermine SWE-bench Verified, while existing detection methods--paraphrase consistency, n-gram overlap, perplexity analysis--never directly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Tae-Eun Song

We introduce a comprehensive validation framework for LLM-based agentic systems that provides systematic diagnosis and improvement of reliability failures. The framework includes fifteen failure-detection tools and two root-cause analysis…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Hadar Mulian , Sergey Zeltyn , Ido Levy , Liane Galanti , Avi Yaeli , Segev Shlomov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the fact-checking studies. However, existing automated fact-checking evaluation methods rely on static datasets and classification metrics, which fail to automatically evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hongzhan Lin , Yang Deng , Yuxuan Gu , Wenxuan Zhang , Jing Ma , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

AI agents are an exciting new research direction, and agent development is driven by benchmarks. Our analysis of current agent benchmarks and evaluation practices reveals several shortcomings that hinder their usefulness in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Sayash Kapoor , Benedikt Stroebl , Zachary S. Siegel , Nitya Nadgir , Arvind Narayanan

To govern smart contracts running on Ethereum, multiple Ethereum Request for Comment (ERC) standards have been developed, each containing a set of rules to guide the behaviors of smart contracts. Violating the ERC rules could cause serious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Shihao Xia , Shuai Shao , Mengting He , Tingting Yu , Linhai Song , Yiying Zhang

Large Language Model agents are increasingly augmented with agent skills. Current evaluation methods for skills remain limited. Most deployed benchmarks report only pass rate before and after a skill is attached, treating the skill as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xiaolin Zhou , Jinbo Liu , Li Li , Ryan A. Rossi , Xiyang Hu

Agentic AI systems increasingly act through tools, sub-agents, and external services, but governance controls are still commonly attached to prompts, dashboards, or post-hoc documentation. This creates a structural mismatch in regulated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Gaston Besanson

Recent advances in large language models have highlighted their potential to automate computational research, particularly reproducing experimental results. However, existing approaches still use fixed sequential agent pipelines with weak…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hanhua Hong , Yizhi LI , Jiaoyan Chen , Sophia Ananiadou , Xiaoli Li , Jung-jae Kim , Chenghua Lin

LLM agents are increasingly deployed to plan, retrieve, and write with tools, yet evaluation still leans on static benchmarks and small human studies. We present the Agent-Testing Agent (ATA), a meta-agent that combines static code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Sameer Komoravolu , Khalil Mrini

While cloud-native microservice architectures have revolutionized software development, their inherent operational complexity makes failure Root Cause Analysis (RCA) a critical yet challenging task. Numerous data-driven RCA models have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Aoyang Fang , Songhan Zhang , Yifan Yang , Haotong Wu , Junjielong Xu , Xuyang Wang , Rui Wang , Manyi Wang , Qisheng Lu , Pinjia He

AI practitioners increasingly use large language model (LLM) agents in compound AI systems to solve complex reasoning tasks, these agent executions often fail to meet human standards, leading to errors that compromise the system's overall…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yoo Yeon Sung , Hannah Kim , Dan Zhang

Agentic AI in software product development is increasingly adopted by organizations, yet the field lacks a consolidated synthesis of where adoption is mature, which architectural patterns dominate, and what limitations and coping mechanisms…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Spyridon Alvanakis Apostolou , Jan Bosch , Helena Holmström Olsson

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly expected to operate in enterprise environments, where work is distributed across specialized roles, permission-controlled systems, and cross-departmental procedures. However, existing…

Coding agents are increasingly used as general-purpose problem solvers, but their flexibility does not by itself confer the domain expertise needed for specialized tasks. Recent work addresses this through \textit{agent skills}: reusable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Salaheddin Alzubi , Noah Provenzano , Jaydon Bingham , Weiyuan Chen , Tu Vu

We study hypothesis testing over a heterogeneous population of strategic agents with private information. Any single test applied uniformly across the population yields statistical error that is sub-optimal relative to the performance of an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Flora C. Shi , Martin J. Wainwright , Stephen Bates

Large language models generate plausible code but cannot verify correctness. Existing multi-agent systems simulate execution or leave verification optional. We introduce execution-grounded verification as a first-class principle: every code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Rajesh Kumar , Waqar Ali , Junaid Ahmed , Najma Imtiaz Ali , Shaban Usman

Agent skills extend LLM agents with reusable instructions, tool interfaces, and executable code, and users increasingly install third-party skills from marketplaces, repositories, and community channels. Because a skill exposes both…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhaojiacheng Zhou

Agents built on LLMs are increasingly deployed across diverse domains, automating complex decision-making and task execution. However, their autonomy introduces safety risks, including security vulnerabilities, legal violations, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Haoyu Wang , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jun Sun

High-precision CNC machining of free-form aerospace components requires bounded compensations informed by inspection, simulation, and process knowledge. Off-the-shelf large language model (LLM) assistants can generate text, but they do not…