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Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are a good alternative to photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) because their gain and quantum efficiency are comparable to PMTs. However, the largest single-chip SiPM is still less than 1~cm$^2$. In order to use…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-11-17 Felix Liang , Hartmut Brands , Les Hoy , Jeff Preston , Jason Smith

Photomultiplier tube (PMT) and Silicon Photo Multiplier (SiPM) are often used for detecting small number of photons or very weak radiations. A light guide usually connects these photodetectors to the test space. In this article, we…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-11-28 Gholamreza Fardipour Raki , Mohsen Khakzad , Shehu AbdusSalam

Cosmic-ray muons which impinge upon the Earth's surface can be used to image the density of geological and man-made materials located above a muon detector. The detectors used for these measurements must be capable of determining the muon…

A Cosmic Muon Veto (CMV) detector using extruded scintillators is being designed around the mini-Iron Calorimeter detector at the transit campus of the India-based Neutrino Observatory at Madurai for measuring its efficiency at shallow…

The muon tomography technique, based on multiple Coulomb scattering of cosmic ray muons, has been proposed as a tool to detect the presence of high density objects inside closed volumes. In this paper a new and innovative method is…

The study of volcanic inner density distributions using cosmic muons is an innovative method, which is still in a stage of development. This technique can be used to determine the average density along the muon track, as well as the density…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-09-04 V. Grabski , F. Velázquez-Carreón , S. Aguilar , A. Menchaca-Rocha , J. Urrutia-Fucugauchi , J. Zmeskal

A combination of scintillator, wavelength shifting (WLS) fiber, and silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) shows an excellent performance in the `$K_{L}$ and $\mu$ detector (KLM)' of the Belle II experiment. In this study, we present the R&D…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-05-22 Hongyu Zhang , Xiyang Wang , Weihu Ma , Shiming Zou , Deqing Fang , Wanbing He , Xiaolong Wang , Zhen Wang , Rui Yuan , Qibin Zheng

The MCORD detector is a modular scintillator-based system employing silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) and FPGA-based digital signal processing, designed for applications such as cosmic muon detection, veto systems, and detector calibration…

This paper describes an undergraduate-level physics project that incorporates various aspects of machine- and electronics-shop technical development. The desktop muon detector is a self-contained apparatus that employs plastic scintillator…

Physics Education · Physics 2017-12-06 Spencer N. Axani , Janet M. Conrad , Conor Kirby

Usage of secondary cosmic muons to image the geological structures density distribution significantly developed during the past ten years. Recent applications demonstrate the method interest to monitor magma ascent and volcanic gas…

A new muon and K_Long detector based on scintillators will be used for the endcap and inner barrel regions in the Belle II experiment, currently under construction. The increased luminosity of the e+e- SuperKEKB collider entails challenging…

We compared the performance of a SiPM array and a PMT in a laboratory setting using a single 5.08x5.08-cm cylindrical sodium iodide scintillating crystal. Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are the most commonly used device to monitor…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-01-23 Tyana Stiegler , Kareem Kazkaz , Erik Swanberg , Vladimir Mozin

Based on test-beam measurements, we study the response of a liquid-scintillator detector equipped with wavelength-shifting optical modules, that are proposed e.g. for the IceCube experiment and the SHiP experiment, and adiabatic light…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-05-22 M. Ehlert , A. Hollnagel , I. Korol , A. Korzenev , H. Lacker , P. Mermod , J. Schliwinski , L. Shihora , P. Venkova , M. Wurm

Highly segmented calorimeters represent a modern trend in experimental particle physics aimed at improving the energy resolution with the particle flow reconstruction. The widely used and cost-effective solution is the structure assembled…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-06-11 M. Chadeeva , A. Stifutkin

A muon-flux measurement behind the beam dump of the J-PARC Hadron Experimental Facility was performed with a compact muon detector that can be inserted into a vertical observing hole with 81 mm in diameter which was dug underground. The…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-10-30 T. Matsumura , Y. Hirayama , G. Y. Lim , H. Nanjo , T. Nomura , K. Shiomi , H. Watanabe

Muography, traditionally recognized as a potent instrument for imaging the internal structure of gigantic objects, has initialized various interdisciplinary applications. As the financial and labor costs of muography detector development…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-10-14 Tao Yu , Yunsong Ning , Yi Yuan , Shihan Zhao , Songran Qi , Minchen Sun , Yuye Li , Zhirui Liu , Aiyu Bai , Hesheng Liu , Yibo Lin , Geng Tuo , Ting On Chan , Zhou Zhou , Yu Chen , Yu Chen , Jian Tang

Light yield and spatial uniformity for a large variety of configurations of scintillator tiles was studied. The light from each scintillator was collected by a Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) directly viewing the produced scintillation light…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-08-11 A. Belloni , Y. M. Chen , A. Dyshkant , T. K. Edberg , S. Eno , V. Zutshi , J. Freeman , M. Krohn , Y. Lai , D. Lincoln , S. Los , J. Mans , G. Reichenbach , L. Uplegger , S. A. Uzunyan

As a novel approach on visual photon imaging by a single photon sensitive camera and PMTs, this work is trying to measure and identify muon tracks from the 2-D images of CsI(Tl) crystal (scintillator detectors). It is possible that muon…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-01-06 Zhimin Wang , Min Li , Diru Wu , Jinchang Liu , Yongpeng Zhang , Xiangcheng Meng , Caimei Liu , Changgen Yang

The performance of the $200\times2.5\times1$ cm$^3$ plastic scintillator strip with wavelength shifting fiber read-out by two novel photodetectors called Silicon PhotoMultipliers (SiPMs) is discussed. The advantages of SiPM relative to the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2009-11-11 V. Balagura , M. Danilov , B. Dolgoshein , S. Klemin , R. Mizuk , P. Pakhlov , E. Popova , V. Rusinov , E. Tarkovsky , I. Tikhomirov

We have studied the feasibility of a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) to detect liquid xenon (LXe) scintillation light. The SiPM was operated inside a small volume of pure LXe, at -95 degree Celsius, irradiated with an internal Am-241 alpha…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2009-11-11 E. Aprile , P. Cushman , K. Ni , P. Shagin