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We present SWE-Gym, the first environment for training real-world software engineering (SWE) agents. SWE-Gym contains 2,438 real-world Python task instances, each comprising a codebase with an executable runtime environment, unit tests, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Jiayi Pan , Xingyao Wang , Graham Neubig , Navdeep Jaitly , Heng Ji , Alane Suhr , Yizhe Zhang

Automated Code Review (ACR) is crucial for software quality, yet existing benchmarks often fail to reflect real-world complexities, hindering the evaluation of modern Large Language Models (LLMs). Current benchmarks frequently focus on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhengran Zeng , Ruikai Shi , Keke Han , Yixin Li , Kaicheng Sun , Yidong Wang , Zhuohao Yu , Rui Xie , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

For the task of generating complex outputs such as source code, editing existing outputs can be easier than generating complex outputs from scratch. With this motivation, we propose an approach that first retrieves a training example based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-05 Tatsunori B. Hashimoto , Kelvin Guu , Yonatan Oren , Percy Liang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a key paradigm for training software engineering (SWE) agents, but existing pipelines typically rely on per-task containers for isolation. At scale, pre-built container images incur substantial storage…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Danlong Yuan , Wei Wu , Zhengren Wang , Xueliang Zhao , Huishuai Zhang , Dongyan Zhao

Automatic program repair (APR) aims to reduce the manual efforts required to identify and fix errors in source code. Before the rise of LLM-based agents, a common strategy was to increase the number of generated patches, sometimes to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Fernando Vallecillos Ruiz , Max Hort , Leon Moonen

Dense retrieval (DR) converts queries and documents into dense embeddings and measures the similarity between queries and documents in vector space. One of the challenges in DR is the lack of domain-specific training data. While DR models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zhiyuan Peng , Xuyang Wu , Qifan Wang , Yi Fang

Information seeking demands iterative evidence gathering and reflective reasoning, yet large language models (LLMs) still struggle with it in open-web question answering. Existing prompting and supervised fine-tuning (SFT) methods remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Wenxuan Shi , Haochen Tan , Chuqiao Kuang , Xiaoguang Li , Xiaozhe Ren , Chen Zhang , Hanting Chen , Yasheng Wang , Lu Hou , Lifeng Shang

We present a new paradigm for fine-tuning large-scale visionlanguage pre-trained models on downstream task, dubbed Prompt Regularization (ProReg). Different from traditional fine-tuning which easily overfits to the downstream task data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Beier Zhu , Yulei Niu , Saeil Lee , Minhoe Hur , Hanwang Zhang

Most large language models are fine-tuned using either expensive human-annotated data or GPT-4 generated data which cannot guarantee performance in certain domains. We argue that although the web-crawled data often has formatting errors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Jing Zhou , Chenglin Jiang , Wei Shen , Xiao Zhou , Xiaonan He

If we cannot inspect the training data of a large language model (LLM), how can we ever know what it has seen? We believe the most compelling evidence arises when the model itself freely reproduces the target content. As such, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 André V. Duarte , Xuying li , Bin Zeng , Arlindo L. Oliveira , Lei Li , Zhuo Li

Although coding agents have introduced new coordination dynamics in collaborative software development, detailed interactions in practice remain underexplored, especially for the code review process. In this study, we mine agent-authored PR…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Islem Khemissi , Moataz Chouchen , Dong Wang , Raula Gaikovina Kula

Despite recent progress in Large Language Model (LLM) Agents for Software Engineering (SWE) tasks, end-to-end fine-tuning typically relies on verifiable terminal rewards such as whether all unit tests pass. While these binary signals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiawei Huang , Qingping Yang , Renjie Zheng , Jiaze Chen

Public Code Review (PCR) is developed in the Software Question Answering (SQA) community, assisting developers in exploring high-quality and efficient review services. Current methods on PCR mainly focus on the reviewer's perspective,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Lin Li , Xinchun Yu , Xinyu Chen , Peng Liang

Developers create pull request (PR) descriptions to provide an overview of their changes and explain the motivations behind them. These descriptions help reviewers and fellow developers quickly understand the updates. Despite their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Md Nazmus Sakib , Md Athikul Islam , Md Mashrur Arifin

Continual supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is the de facto recipe for adapting large language models (LLMs) to a stream of downstream tasks, but it suffers from catastrophic forgetting of earlier capabilities. Recent work shows that on-policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yan Chen , Taojie Zhu , Meng Zhang , Xin Chen , Jiaqi Huang , Dongyang Xu , Yizhi Wang

The current technology landscape lacks a foundational AI model for solving process engineering calculations. In this work, we introduce a novel autonomous agent framework leveraging Retrieval-Augmented Instruction-Tuning (RAIT) to enhance…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Sagar Srinivas Sakhinana , Geethan Sannidhi , Venkataramana Runkana

Function calling enables large language models (LLMs) to interact with external systems by leveraging tools and APIs. When faced with multi-step tool usage, LLMs still struggle with tool selection, parameter generation, and tool-chain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Sijia Cui , Aiyao He , Shuai Xu , Hongming Zhang , Yanna Wang , Qingyang Zhang , Yajing Wang , Bo Xu

Current benchmarks for evaluating software engineering agents, such as SWE-Bench Verified, are predominantly derived from GitHub issues and fail to accurately reflect how developers interact with chat-based coding assistants in integrated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Spandan Garg , Benjamin Steenhoek , Yufan Huang

Pull request (PR) descriptions generated by AI coding agents are the primary channel for communicating code changes to human reviewers. However, the alignment between these messages and the actual changes remains unexplored, raising…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jingzhi Gong , Giovanni Pinna , Yixin Bian , Jie M. Zhang

We introduce API Pack, a massive multi-programming language dataset containing over one million instruction-API calls for improving the API call generation capabilities of large language models. Our evaluation highlights three key findings:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Zhen Guo , Adriana Meza Soria , Wei Sun , Yikang Shen , Rameswar Panda