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People are increasingly using technologies equipped with large language models (LLM) to write texts for formal communication, which raises two important questions at the intersection of technology and society: Who do LLMs write like (model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Jinsook Lee , AJ Alvero , Thorsten Joachims , René Kizilcec

Large Language Models (LLMs) routinely infer users demographic traits from phrasing alone, which can result in biased responses, even when no explicit demographic information is provided. The role of disability cues in shaping these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Vishnu Hari , Kalpana Panda , Srikant Panda , Amit Agarwal , Hitesh Laxmichand Patel

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in healthcare field, it becomes essential to carefully evaluate their medical safety before clinical use. However, existing safety benchmarks remain predominantly English-centric,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Junyu Liu , Zirui Li , Qian Niu , Zequn Zhang , Yue Xun , Wenlong Hou , Shujun Wang , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo , Kan Hatakeyama-Sato

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in Natural Language Processing (NLP), including content generation, human-computer interaction, machine translation, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Songyang Liu , Chaozhuo Li , Jiameng Qiu , Xi Zhang , Feiran Huang , Litian Zhang , Yiming Hei , Philip S. Yu

Large language models (LLMs) undergo safety alignment after training and tuning, yet recent work shows that safety can be bypassed through jailbreak attacks. While many jailbreaks and defenses exist, their cross-lingual generalization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Berk Atil , Rebecca J. Passonneau , Fred Morstatter

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in safety-critical applications, robust content moderation becomes essential. We present a comprehensive evaluation of 14 open-source safety guard models on a curated benchmark of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Reetu Raj Harsh , Bhaskarjit Sarmah , Stefano Pasquali

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into educational settings, understanding their potential biases is critical. This study examines sociodemographic biases in LLM-based educational counselling. We evaluate responses…

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into various domains raises concerns about societal inequalities and information bias. This study examines biases in LLMs related to background, gender, and age, with a focus on their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Willem Huijzer , Jieying Chen

Larger language models (LLMs) have taken the world by storm with their massive multi-tasking capabilities simply by optimizing over a next-word prediction objective. With the emergence of their properties and encoded knowledge, the risk of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Rishabh Bhardwaj , Soujanya Poria

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved great success recently, demonstrating a strong capability to understand multimodal information and to interact with human users. Despite the progress made, the challenge of detecting high-risk…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Hao Yang , Lizhen Qu , Ehsan Shareghi , Gholamreza Haffari

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in automated software security, particularly in vulnerability detection. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on isolated, single-vulnerability samples or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Chinmay Pushkar , Sanchit Kabra , Dhruv Kumar , Jagat Sesh Challa

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to exhibit social, demographic, and gender biases, often as a consequence of the data on which they are trained. In this work, we adopt a mechanistic interpretability approach to analyze how such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Bhavik Chandna , Zubair Bashir , Procheta Sen

Traditional benchmarks for large language models (LLMs), such as HELM and AIR-BENCH, primarily assess safety risk through breadth-oriented evaluation across diverse tasks. However, real-world deployment often exposes a different class of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Keita Broadwater

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant strides, extending their applications to dialogue systems, automated content creation, and domain-specific advisory tasks. However, as their use grows, concerns have emerged regarding their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Bing Song , Jianing Liu , Sisi Jian , Chenyang Wu , Vinayak Dixit

Multilingual studies of social bias in open-ended LLM generation remain limited: most existing benchmarks are English-centric, template-based, or restricted to recognizing pre-specified stereotypes. We introduce StereoTales, a multilingual…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Pierre Le Jeune , Étienne Duchesne , Weixuan Xiao , Stefano Palminteri , Bazire Houssin , Benoît Malézieux , Matteo Dora

As the use of large language model (LLM) agents continues to grow, their safety vulnerabilities have become increasingly evident. Extensive benchmarks evaluate various aspects of LLM safety by defining the safety relying heavily on general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yeonjun In , Wonjoong Kim , Kanghoon Yoon , Sungchul Kim , Mehrab Tanjim , Sangwu Park , Kibum Kim , Chanyoung Park

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to control robotic systems such as drones, but their risks of causing physical threats and harm in real-world applications remain unexplored. Our study addresses the critical gap in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yung-Chen Tang , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into critical decision-making processes, such as loan approvals and visa applications, where inherent biases can lead to discriminatory outcomes. In this paper, we examine the nuanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Mina Arzaghi , Florian Carichon , Golnoosh Farnadi

This study investigates the potential of a multimodal large language model (LLM), specifically ChatGPT-4o, to perform human-like interpretations of traffic scenes using static dashcam images. Herein, we focus on three judgment tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Yuki Yoshihara , Linjing Jiang , Nihan Karatas , Hitoshi Kanamori , Asuka Harada , Takahiro Tanaka

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in sensitive domains such as enterprise and government, ensuring that they adhere to user-defined security policies within context is critical-especially with respect to information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Hwan Chang , Yumin Kim , Yonghyun Jun , Hwanhee Lee
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