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Multi-agent debate (MAD) is widely used to improve large language model (LLM) performance through test-time scaling, yet recent work shows that vanilla MAD often underperforms simple majority vote despite higher computational cost. Studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Xiaochen Zhu , Caiqi Zhang , Yizhou Chi , Tom Stafford , Nigel Collier , Andreas Vlachos

The remarkable growth in large language model (LLM) capabilities has spurred exploration into multi-agent systems, with debate frameworks emerging as a promising avenue for enhanced problem-solving. These multi-agent debate (MAD)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yongjin Yang , Euiin Yi , Jongwoo Ko , Kimin Lee , Zhijing Jin , Se-Young Yun

Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) has shown promise in leveraging collective intelligence to improve reasoning and reduce hallucinations, yet it remains unclear how information exchange shapes the underlying ability. Empirically, MAD exhibits…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Dan Qiao , Binbin Chen , Fengyu Cai , Jianlong Chen , Wenhao Li , Fuxin Jiang , Zuzhi Chen , Hongyuan Zha , Tieying Zhang , Baoxiang Wang

Multi-agent debate (MAD) is an emerging approach to improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Existing MAD methods rely on multiple rounds of interaction among agents to reach consensus, and the final output is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yu Cui , Hang Fu , Haibin Zhang , Licheng Wang , Cong Zuo

Multi-agent debate (MAD) has recently emerged as a promising framework for improving the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs). Yet, whether LLM agents can genuinely engage in deliberative reasoning, beyond simple ensembling…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Haolun Wu , Zhenkun Li , Lingyao Li

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) underscore their potential for responding to inquiries in various domains. However, ensuring that generative agents provide accurate and reliable answers remains an ongoing challenge. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Andries Smit , Paul Duckworth , Nathan Grinsztajn , Thomas D. Barrett , Arnu Pretorius

Accurate detection of errors in large language models (LLM) responses is central to the success of scalable oversight, or providing effective supervision to superhuman intelligence. Yet, self-diagnosis is often unreliable on complex tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yongqiang Chen , Gang Niu , James Cheng , Bo Han , Masashi Sugiyama

Tabular anomaly detection is often handled by single detectors or static ensembles, even though strong performance on tabular data typically comes from heterogeneous model families (e.g., tree ensembles, deep tabular networks, and tabular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Pinqiao Wang , Sheng Li

Multi-agent debate (MAD) aims to improve large language model (LLM) reasoning by letting multiple agents exchange answers and then aggregate their opinions. Yet recent studies reveal that agents are not neutral: they are prone to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Hyeong Kyu Choi , Xiaojin Zhu , Sharon Li

Multi-agent debate system (MAD) imitating the process of human discussion in pursuit of truth, aims to align the correct cognition of different agents for the optimal solution. It is challenging to make various agents perform right and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Haotian Wang , Xiyuan Du , Weijiang Yu , Qianglong Chen , Kun Zhu , Zheng Chu , Lian Yan , Yi Guan

While multi-agent debate has been proposed as a promising strategy for improving AI reasoning ability, we find that debate can sometimes be harmful rather than helpful. Prior work has primarily focused on debates within homogeneous groups…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Andrea Wynn , Harsh Satija , Gillian Hadfield

Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) has emerged as a promising inference scaling method for Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning. However, it frequently suffers from belief entrenchment, where agents reinforce shared errors rather than correcting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jihwan Oh , Minchan Jeong , Jongwoo Ko , Se-Young Yun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced autonomous agents' planning and decision-making, yet they struggle with complex tasks requiring diverse expertise and multi-step reasoning. Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) systems, introduced in NLP…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Jina Chun , Qihong Chen , Jiawei Li , Iftekhar Ahmed

Multi-Agent Debate~(MAD) has emerged as a promising paradigm for improving the performance of large language models through collaborative reasoning. Despite recent advances, the key factors driving MAD's effectiveness remain unclear. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hyeong Kyu Choi , Xiaojin Zhu , Sharon Li

Multi-agent debate (MAD) has gained significant attention as a promising line of research to improve the factual accuracy and reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Despite its conceptual appeal, current MAD research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Hangfan Zhang , Zhiyao Cui , Jianhao Chen , Xinrun Wang , Qiaosheng Zhang , Zhen Wang , Dinghao Wu , Shuyue Hu

Multi-agent debate (MAD) systems leverage collective intelligence to enhance reasoning capabilities, yet existing approaches struggle to simultaneously optimize accuracy, consensus formation, and computational efficiency. Static topology…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Chao Wang , Han Lin , Huaze Tang , Huijing Lin , Wenbo Ding

Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS), which excel at collaborative decision-making and complex problem-solving. Recently, researchers have further investigated Multi-Agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Zhenghao Li , Zhi Zheng , Wei Chen , Jielun Zhao , Yong Chen , Tong Xu , Enhong Chen

Large Language Model (LLM) agent systems have advanced rapidly, driven by their strong generalization in zero-shot settings. To further enhance reasoning and accuracy on complex tasks, Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) has emerged as a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Wei Fan , JinYi Yoon , Bo Ji

Multi-agent debate (MAD) systems leverage collaborative interactions among large language models (LLMs) agents to improve reasoning capabilities. While recent studies have focused on increasing the accuracy and scalability of MAD systems,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yu Cui , Hongyang Du

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks. Recent research has introduced Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) systems, which leverage multiple LLMs to simulate human debate and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zijie Lin , Bryan Hooi
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