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Membership inference attacks (MIA) aim to infer whether a particular data point is part of the training dataset of a model. In this paper, we propose a new task in the context of LLM privacy: entity-level discovery of membership risk…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Ali Satvaty , Suzan Verberne , Fatih Turkmen

Recent work shows membership inference attacks (MIAs) on large language models (LLMs) produce inconclusive results, partly due to difficulties in creating non-member datasets without temporal shifts. While researchers have turned to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Ali Naseh , Niloofar Mireshghallah

Deep learning models have an intrinsic privacy issue as they memorize parts of their training data, creating a privacy leakage. Membership Inference Attacks (MIA) exploit it to obtain confidential information about the data used for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Daniel Jiménez-López , Nuria Rodríguez-Barroso , M. Victoria Luzón , Francisco Herrera

Membership Inference Attack (MIA) aims to determine whether a specific data sample was included in the training dataset of a target model. Traditional MIA approaches rely on shadow models to mimic target model behavior, but their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Li Cuihong , Huang Xiaowen , Yin Chuanhuan , Sang Jitao

A membership inference attack (MIA) against a machine-learning model enables an attacker to determine whether a given data record was part of the model's training data or not. In this paper, we provide an in-depth study of the phenomenon of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Bogdan Kulynych , Mohammad Yaghini , Giovanni Cherubin , Michael Veale , Carmela Troncoso

Recently, adapting the idea of self-supervised learning (SSL) on continuous speech has started gaining attention. SSL models pre-trained on a huge amount of unlabeled audio can generate general-purpose representations that benefit a wide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Wei-Tsung Kao , Hung-yi Lee

Location data is frequently collected from populations and shared in aggregate form to guide policy and decision making. However, the prevalence of aggregated data also raises the privacy concern of membership inference attacks (MIAs). MIAs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Vincent Guan , Florent Guépin , Ana-Maria Cretu , Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) against machine learning (ML) models aim to determine whether a given data point was part of the model training data. These attacks may pose significant privacy risks to individuals whose sensitive data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Mona Khalil , Alberto Blanco-Justicia , Najeeb Jebreel , Josep Domingo-Ferrer

Tabular data typically contains private and important information; thus, precautions must be taken before they are shared with others. Although several methods (e.g., differential privacy and k-anonymity) have been proposed to prevent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Jihyeon Hyeong , Jayoung Kim , Noseong Park , Sushil Jajodia

Diffusion models are the leading approach for tabular data synthesis and are increasingly used to share sensitive records. Whether they actually protect privacy has become a pressing question. Membership inference attacks are the standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Abtin Mahyar , Masoumeh Shafieinejad , Yuhan Liu , Xi He

To address the scarcity and privacy concerns of network traffic data, various generative models have been developed to produce synthetic traffic. However, synthetic traffic is not inherently privacy-preserving, and the extent to which it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Van Tran , Shinan Liu , Tian Li , Nick Feamster

Cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) are pivotal for creating fine-grained learner profiles in modern intelligent education platforms. However, these models are trained on sensitive student data, raising significant privacy concerns. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Mingliang Hou , Yinuo Wang , Teng Guo , Zitao Liu , Wenzhou Dou , Jiaqi Zheng , Renqiang Luo , Mi Tian , Weiqi Luo

As large-scale models such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) see increasing deployment, their privacy risks remain underexplored. Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs), which reveal whether a data point was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Hengyu Wu , Yang Cao

With the rapid advancements of large-scale text-to-image diffusion models, various practical applications have emerged, bringing significant convenience to society. However, model developers may misuse the unauthorized data to train…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Qiao Li , Xiaomeng Fu , Xi Wang , Jin Liu , Xingyu Gao , Jiao Dai , Jizhong Han

Diffusion-based generative models have shown great potential for image synthesis, but there is a lack of research on the security and privacy risks they may pose. In this paper, we investigate the vulnerability of diffusion models to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Jinhao Duan , Fei Kong , Shiqi Wang , Xiaoshuang Shi , Kaidi Xu

Federated Learning enables collaborative learning among clients via a coordinating server while avoiding direct data sharing, offering a perceived solution to preserve privacy. However, recent studies on Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Quan Nguyen , Minh N. Vu , Truc Nguyen , My T. Thai

Synthetic data is seen as the most promising solution to share individual-level data while preserving privacy. Shadow modeling-based Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) have become the standard approach to evaluate the privacy risk of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Matthieu Meeus , Florent Guépin , Ana-Maria Cretu , Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye

Transfer learning, successful in knowledge translation across related tasks, faces a substantial privacy threat from membership inference attacks (MIAs). These attacks, despite posing significant risk to ML model's training data, remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Cong Wu , Jing Chen , Qianru Fang , Kun He , Ziming Zhao , Hao Ren , Guowen Xu , Yang Liu , Yang Xiang

The use of synthetic data has become increasingly popular as a privacy-preserving alternative to sharing real datasets, especially in sensitive domains such as healthcare, finance, and demography. However, the privacy assurances of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Rajdeep Pathak , Sayantee Jana

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising approach for training machine learning models on decentralized data while preserving privacy. However, privacy risks, particularly Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs), which aim to determine whether a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Gongxi Zhu , Donghao Li , Hanlin Gu , Yuan Yao , Lixin Fan , Yuxing Han