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Related papers: Theory of Space: Can Foundation Models Construct S…

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Not yet. We present SPACE, a benchmark that systematically evaluates spatial cognition in frontier models. Our benchmark builds on decades of research in cognitive science. It evaluates large-scale mapping abilities that are brought to bear…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Santhosh Kumar Ramakrishnan , Erik Wijmans , Philipp Kraehenbuehl , Vladlen Koltun

Exploration remains a significant challenge in reinforcement learning, especially in environments where extrinsic rewards are sparse or non-existent. The recent rise of foundation models, such as CLIP, offers an opportunity to leverage…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Alain Andres , Javier Del Ser

Spatial reasoning, which requires ability to perceive and manipulate spatial relationships in the 3D world, is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence, yet remains a persistent challenge for Multimodal large language models (MLLMs).…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Weichen Liu , Qiyao Xue , Haoming Wang , Xiangyu Yin , Boyuan Yang , Wei Gao

Foundation models are premised on the idea that sequence prediction can uncover deeper domain understanding, much like how Kepler's predictions of planetary motion later led to the discovery of Newtonian mechanics. However, evaluating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Keyon Vafa , Peter G. Chang , Ashesh Rambachan , Sendhil Mullainathan

What do humans do when confronted with a common challenge: we know where we want to go but we are not yet sure the best way to get there, or even if we can. This is the problem posed to agents during spatial navigation and pathfinding, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Jeremy Gordon , John Chuang

Spatial understanding is a fundamental problem with wide-reaching real-world applications. The representation of spatial knowledge is often modeled with spatial templates, i.e., regions of acceptability of two objects under an explicit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Guillem Collell , Luc Van Gool , Marie-Francine Moens

There exist well-developed frameworks for causal modelling, but these require rather a lot of human domain expertise to define causal variables and perform interventions. In order to enable autonomous agents to learn abstract causal models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Taco Cohen

Coordinating multiple autonomous agents to explore and serve spatially heterogeneous demand requires jointly learning unknown spatial patterns and planning trajectories that maximize task performance. Pure model-based approaches provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Danish Rizvi , David Boyle

Most AI agents remain confined to an instrumental "command-execution" model, resulting in unequal, one-sided interactions. While recent works attempt to build relationships through hidden memory backends, these invisible processes often…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zihong He , Shuqin Wang , Songchen Zhou , Qinghui Lin , Jialin Wang , Chen Liang , Hai-Ning Liang

We analyze a model of learning and belief formation in networks in which agents follow Bayes rule yet they do not recall their history of past observations and cannot reason about how other agents' beliefs are formed. They do so by making…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-29 M. Amin Rahimian , Ali Jadbabaie

Infants often exhibit goal-directed behaviors, such as reaching for a sensory stimulus, even when no external reward criterion is provided. These intrinsically motivated behaviors facilitate spontaneous exploration and learning of the body…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Dongmin Kim , Hoshinori Kanazawa , Naoto Yoshida , Yasuo Kuniyoshi

Active recognition enables robots to intelligently explore novel observations, thereby acquiring more information while circumventing undesired viewing conditions. Recent approaches favor learning policies from simulated or collected data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Lei Fan , Mingfu Liang , Yunxuan Li , Gang Hua , Ying Wu

Toy models are highly idealized and deliberately simplified models that retain only the essential features of a system in order to explore specific theoretical questions. Long used in physics and other sciences, they have recently begun to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-04 Larissa Albantakis

Recent work has shown how predictive modeling can endow agents with rich knowledge of their surroundings, improving their ability to act in complex environments. We propose question-answering as a general paradigm to decode and understand…

The effectiveness of model training heavily relies on the quality of available training resources. However, budget constraints often impose limitations on data collection efforts. To tackle this challenge, we introduce causal exploration in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Yupei Yang , Biwei Huang , Shikui Tu , Lei Xu

Social learning, a fundamental process through which individuals shape their beliefs and perspectives via observation and interaction with others, is critical for the development of our society and the functioning of social governance.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yiqing Lin , Zhanjiang Chen , Huisheng Wang , H. Vicky Zhao

While large language models have become the prevailing approach for agentic reasoning and planning, their success in symbolic domains does not readily translate to the physical world. Spatial intelligence, the ability to perceive 3D…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Gloria Felicia , Nolan Bryant , Handi Putra , Ayaan Gazali , Eliel Lobo , Esteban Rojas

Cognitive modeling, which explores the essence of cognition, including motivation, emotion, and perception, has been widely applied in the artificial intelligence (AI) agent domains, such as robotics. From the computational perspective,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Qin Yang

This work examines a social learning problem, where dispersed agents connected through a network topology interact locally to form their opinions (beliefs) as regards certain hypotheses of interest. These opinions evolve over time, since…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-26 Michele Cirillo , Virginia Bordignon , Vincenzo Matta , Ali H. Sayed

The rapid advancement of autonomous systems, including self-driving vehicles and drones, has intensified the need to forge true Spatial Intelligence from multi-modal onboard sensor data. While foundation models excel in single-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Song Wang , Lingdong Kong , Xiaolu Liu , Hao Shi , Wentong Li , Jianke Zhu , Steven C. H. Hoi
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