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Ethereum has undergone a recent change called \textit{the Merge}, which made Ethereum a Proof-of-Stake blockchain, shifting closer to BFT consensus. Ethereum, which wished to keep the best of the two protocol designs (BFT and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Ulysse Pavloff , Yackolley Amoussou-Guenou , Sara Tucci-Piergiovanni

Misconfiguration, excessive privilege, and fragmented controls remain major causes of cloud-infrastructure incidents. This paper proposes an open-source framework that contributes a cross-platform identity-resource graph for Kubernetes and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Wanru Shao

Conventional financial models fail to explain the economic and monetary properties of cryptocurrencies due to the latter's dual nature: their usage as financial assets on the one side and their tight connection to the underlying blockchain…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-07-20 Constandina Koki , Stefanos Leonardos , Georgios Piliouras

We develop a mathematical model to describe the persistence of rule-breaking behaviors in societies, such as traffic violations, disregard for legal restrictions and other forms of noncompliance. Using a replicator-type dynamics with…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-27 Nuno Crokidakis

This study investigates the impact of data source diversity on the performance of cryptocurrency forecasting models by integrating various data categories, including technical indicators, on-chain metrics, sentiment and interest metrics,…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-07-16 Giorgos Demosthenous , Chryssis Georgiou , Eliada Polydorou

The transition to post-quantum cryptography in blockchain systems such as Bitcoin and Ethereum is often framed as a purely cryptographic problem. In practice, it also presents significant economic and infrastructural challenges: in globally…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Keir Finlow-Bates , Markus Jakobsson , Hossein Siadati

This paper examines the time series properties of cryptocurrency assets, such as Bitcoin, using established econometric inference techniques, namely models of the GARCH family. The contribution of this study is twofold. I explore the time…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-12-27 Charles Shaw

Rollups are a popular blockchain paradigm where one blockchain network is anchored to a different blockchain network, typically though smart contracts and data commitments. The rollup executes transactions on its own network and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Jan Gorzny , Martin Derka

We analyse tick-by-tick data representing major cryptocurrencies traded on some different cryptocurrency trading platforms. We focus on such quantities like the inter-transaction times, the number of transactions in time unit, the traded…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-09-05 Jarosław Kwapień , Marcin Wątorek , Marija Bezbradica , Martin Crane , Tai Tan Mai , Stanisław Drożdż

The detection of outliers within cryptocurrency limit order books (LOBs) is of paramount importance for comprehending market dynamics, particularly in highly volatile and nascent regulatory environments. This study conducts a comprehensive…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-07-22 Ivan Letteri

This paper investigates the evolving link between cryptocurrency and equity markets in the context of the recent wave of corporate Bitcoin (BTC) treasury strategies. We assemble a dataset of 39 publicly listed firms holding BTC, from their…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-05-21 Sabrina Aufiero , Antonio Briola , Tesfaye Salarin , Fabio Caccioli , Silvia Bartolucci , Tomaso Aste

This paper examines how regulatory interventions in high-frequency financial markets affect price discovery. We focus on Breaking news, where dynamic circuit breakers trigger trading halts immediately after the release of macroeconomic…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-03-25 Lars Winkelmann , Wenying Yao

Cryptocurrencies, especially Bitcoin (BTC), which comprise a new digital asset class, have drawn extraordinary worldwide attention. The characteristics of the cryptocurrency/BTC include a high level of speculation, extreme volatility and…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-09-24 Ai Jun Hou , Weining Wang , Cathy Y. H. Chen , Wolfgang Karl Härdle

Using the Crypto Fear & Greed Index and Bitcoin daily data, we document that sentiment extremity predicts excess uncertainty beyond realized volatility. Extreme fear and extreme greed regimes exhibit significantly higher spreads than…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-17 Murad Farzulla

The Lightning Network, a payment channel network with a market cap of over 192M USD, is designed to resolve Bitcoin's scalability issues through fast off-chain transactions. There are multiple Lightning Network client implementations, all…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Ben Weintraub , Satwik Prabhu Kumble , Cristina Nita-Rotaru , Stefanie Roos

Public blockchains like Ethereum use Merkle trees to verify transactions received from untrusted servers before applying them to the blockchain. We empirically show that the low throughput of such blockchains is due to the I/O bottleneck…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Soujanya Ponnapalli , Aashaka Shah , Amy Tai , Souvik Banerjee , Vijay Chidambaram , Dahlia Malkhi , Michael Wei

Catastrophic events, though rare, do occur and when they occur, they have devastating effects. It is, therefore, of utmost importance to understand the complexity of the underlying dynamics and signatures of catastrophic events, such as…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-09-25 Anirban Chakraborti , Kiran Sharma , Hirdesh K. Pharasi , Sourish Das , Rakesh Chatterjee , Thomas H. Seligman

Unlike price fluctuations, the temporal structure of cryptocurrency trading has seldom been a subject of systematic study. In order to fill this gap, we analyse detrended correlations of the price returns, the average number of trades in…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-08-03 Marcin Wątorek , Jarosław Kwapień , Stanisław Drożdż

We present positive evidence of price stability of cryptocurrencies as a medium of exchange. For the sample years from 2016 to 2020, the prices of major cryptocurrencies are found to be stable, relative to major financial assets.…

General Economics · Economics 2021-12-14 Tatsuru Kikuchi , Toranosuke Onishi , Kenichi Ueda

Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies rely on distributed consensus algorithms. In recent years many consensus algorithms and protocols have been proposed; most of them are for permissioned blockchain networks. However, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Shiv Sondhi , Sherif Saad , Kevin Shi , Mohammad Mamun , Issa Traore