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The Segment Anything Model (SAM), originally built on a 2D Vision Transformer (ViT), excels at capturing global patterns in 2D natural images but struggles with 3D medical imaging modalities like CT and MRI. These modalities require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Xiang Gao , Kai Lu

30 million Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging tests are issued annually to diagnose various retinal diseases, but accurate diagnosis of OCT scans requires trained eye care professionals who are still prone to making errors. With…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-04 Evan Wen , Rebecca Sorenson , Max Ehrlich

The acquisition of high-resolution retinal fundus images with a large field of view (FOV) is challenging due to technological, physiological and economic reasons. This paper proposes a fully automatic framework to reconstruct retinal images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-02-11 Thomas Köhler , Axel Heinrich , Andreas Maier , Joachim Hornegger , Ralf P. Tornow

Automated retinal disease diagnosis is vital given the rising prevalence of conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration. Conventional deep learning approaches require large annotated datasets, which are costly and often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Jasmaine Khale , Ravi Prakash Srivastava

Accurately segmenting blood vessels in retinal fundus images is crucial in the early screening, diagnosing, and evaluating some ocular diseases, yet it poses a nontrivial uncertainty for the segmentation task due to various factors such as…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-29 Yuanyuan Peng , Pengpeng Luan , Zixu Zhang

In this work, we utilize image segmentation to visually identify blood vessels in retinal examination images. This process is typically carried out manually. However, we can employ heuristic methods and machine learning to automate or at…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-01 João Henrique Pereira Machado , Gilson Adamczuk Oliveira , Érick Oliveira Rodrigues

We introduce VascX models, a comprehensive set of model ensembles for analyzing retinal vasculature from color fundus images (CFIs). Annotated CFIs were aggregated from public datasets . Additional CFIs, mainly from the population-based…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-10 Jose Vargas Quiros , Bart Liefers , Karin van Garderen , Jeroen Vermeulen , Eyened Reading Center , Sinergia Consortium , Caroline Klaver

In this paper, we introduce Semantic-SAM, a universal image segmentation model to enable segment and recognize anything at any desired granularity. Our model offers two key advantages: semantic-awareness and granularity-abundance. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Feng Li , Hao Zhang , Peize Sun , Xueyan Zou , Shilong Liu , Jianwei Yang , Chunyuan Li , Lei Zhang , Jianfeng Gao

Recently anomaly detection has drawn much attention in diagnosing ocular diseases. Most existing anomaly detection research in fundus images has relatively large anomaly scores in the salient retinal structures, such as blood vessels,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Jingqi Niu , Shiwen Dong , Qinji Yu , Kang Dang , Xiaowei Ding

An overview of the applications of deep learning in ophthalmic diagnosis using retinal fundus images is presented. We also review various retinal image datasets that can be used for deep learning purposes. Applications of deep learning for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Sourya Sengupta , Amitojdeep Singh , Henry A. Leopold , Tanmay Gulati , Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan

Domain-generalized retinal vessel segmentation is critical for automated ophthalmic diagnosis, yet faces significant challenges from domain shift induced by non-uniform illumination and varying contrast, compounded by the difficulty of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Chanchan Wang , Yuanfang Wang , Qing Xu , Guanxin Chen

Segmentation of retinal layers from Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) volumes is a fundamental problem for any computer aided diagnostic algorithm development. This requires preprocessing steps such as denoising, region of interest…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Karthik Gopinath , Samrudhdhi B Rangrej , Jayanthi Sivaswamy

In digital pathology, precise nuclei segmentation is pivotal yet challenged by the diversity of tissue types, staining protocols, and imaging conditions. Recently, the segment anything model (SAM) revealed overwhelming performance in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-27 Zhen Chen , Qing Xu , Xinyu Liu , Yixuan Yuan

Current AI-assisted skin image diagnosis has achieved dermatologist-level performance in classifying skin cancer, driven by rapid advancements in deep learning architectures. However, unlike traditional vision tasks, skin images in general…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Xin Hu , Janet Wang , Jihun Hamm , Rie R Yotsu , Zhengming Ding

Universal medical image segmentation models have emerged as a promising paradigm due to their strong generalizability across diverse tasks, showing great potential for a wide range of clinical applications. This potential has been partly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yanwu Yang , Guinan Su , Jiesi Hu , Francesco Sammarco , Jonas Geiping , Thomas Wolfers

Retinal vessel segmentation is crucial for intelligent ophthalmic diagnosis, yet it faces three major challenges: insufficient multi-scale feature fusion, disruption of contextual continuity, and noise interference. This study proposes a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xinran Xu , Yuliang Ma , Sifu Cai , Ming Meng , Qiang Lv , Ruoyan Shi

At the present time Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is among the most commonly used non-invasive imaging methods for the acquisition of large volumetric scans of human retinal tissues and vasculature. To resolve decisive information from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-02 D. Sitenko , B. Boll , C. Schnörr

Deep learning models have the capacity to fundamentally revolutionize medical imaging analysis, and they have particularly interesting applications in computer-aided diagnosis. We attempt to use deep learning neural networks to diagnose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-24 Rohit Jammula , Vishnu Rajan Tejus , Shreya Shankar

For accurate glaucoma diagnosis and monitoring, reliable retinal layer segmentation in OCT images is essential. However, existing 2D segmentation methods often suffer from slice-to-slice inconsistencies due to the lack of contextual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Hyunwoo Kim , Heesuk Kim , Wungrak Choi , Jae-Sang Hyun

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder that can lead to blindness and cardiovascular disease. Information about early stage T2D might be present in retinal fundus images, but to what extent these images can be used for a…