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We form a "map of tournaments" by adapting the map framework from the world of elections. By a tournament we mean a complete directed graph where the nodes are the players and an edge points from a winner of a game to the loser (with no…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Filip Nikolow , Piotr Faliszewski , Stanisław Szufa

Knockout tournaments constitute a popular format for organizing sports competitions. While prior results have shown that it is often possible to manipulate a knockout tournament by fixing the bracket, these results ignore the prevalent…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Pasin Manurangsi , Warut Suksompong

This paper proposes a model to predict the outcome of the March Madness tournament based on historical NCAA basketball data since 2013. The framework of this project is a simplification of the FiveThrityEight NCAA March Madness prediction…

Applications · Statistics 2025-03-31 Christian McIver , Karla Avalos , Nikhil Nayak

There seems to be an upper limit to predicting the outcome of matches in (semi-)professional sports. Recent work has proposed that this is due to chance and attempts have been made to simulate the distribution of win percentages to identify…

Applications · Statistics 2015-08-21 Albrecht Zimmermann

Single-elimination (SE) tournaments are a popular format used in competitive environments and decision making. Algorithms for SE tournament manipulation have been an active topic of research in recent years. In this paper, we initiate the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Sushmita Gupta , M. S. Ramanujan , Peter Strulo

This paper explores multi-entry strategies for betting pools related to single-elimination tournaments. In such betting pools, participants select winners of games, and their respective score is a weighted sum of the number of correct…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Jeff Decary , David Bergman , Carlos Cardonha , Jason Imbrogno , Andrea Lodi

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the extent to which the margin of victory can be predicted solely by the rankings of the opposing teams in NCAA Division I men's basketball games. Several past studies have modeled this…

Applications · Statistics 2018-03-14 David Beaudoin , Thierry Duchesne

Scheduling a sports tournament is a complex optimization problem, which requires a large number of hard constraints to satisfy. Despite the availability of several such constraints in the literature, there remains a gap since most of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-06-18 Syed Rameez Naqvi , Adnan Ahmad , S. M. Riazul Islam , Tallha Akram , M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud , Atif Alamri

We study statistics of the knockout tournament, where only the winner of a fixture progresses to the next. We assign a real number called competitiveness to each contestant and find that the resulting distribution of prize money follows a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-01-09 Seung Ki Baek , Il Gu Yi , Hye Jin Park , Beom Jun Kim

Every sport needs rules. Tournament design refers to the rules that determine how a tournament, a series of games between a number of competitors, is organized. This study aims to provide an overview of the tournament design literature from…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-05-20 Karel Devriesere , László Csató , Dries Goossens

Based on known methods for computing the number of distinct score sequences for $n$-vertex tournaments, we develop algorithms for computing the number of distinct score sequences for self-complementary tournaments, strong tournaments, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-12 Paul K. Stockmeyer

In the paper, we define a new parameter for tournaments called degreewidth which can be seen as a measure of how far is the tournament from being acyclic. The degreewidth of a tournament $T$ denoted by $\Delta(T)$ is the minimum value $k$…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Tom Davot , Lucas Isenmann , Sanjukta Roy , Jocelyn Thiebaut

Mathematics has been used in the exploration and enumeration of juggling patterns. In the case when we catch and throw one ball at a time the number of possible juggling patterns is well-known. When we are allowed to catch and throw any…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-11 Steve Butler , Jeongyoon Choi , Kimyung Kim , Kyuhyeok Seo

Motivated by known results for finite tournaments, we define and study the score functions of tournament kernels and the degree distributions of tournament limits. Our main theorem completely characterises those distributions that appear as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-30 Erik Thörnblad

We consider a random knockout tournament among players $1, \ldots, n$, in which each match involves two players. The match format is specified by the number of matches played in each round, where the constitution of the matches in a round…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-12-15 Ilan Adler , Yang Cao , Richard Karp , Erol Pekoz , Sheldon M. Ross

A tournament on 8 or more vertices may be intrinsically linked as a directed graph. We begin the classification of intrinsically linked tournaments by examining their score sequences. While many distinct tournaments may have the same score…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-07-22 Thomas Fleming , Joel Foisy

This paper explores a novel way for analyzing the tournament structures to find a best suitable one for the tournament under consideration. It concerns about three aspects such as tournament conducting cost, competitiveness development and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Nhien Pham Hoang Bao , Hiroyuki Iida

We are going to classify sets by a given mean in two ways. Firstly we study small and big sets regarding a given mean. Secondly we study sets that have the same weight according to a mean. We also generalize the notion of roundness and get…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-09-15 Attila Losonczi

Ladder tournaments are widely used to rank individuals in real-world organizations and games. Their mathematical properties however are still poorly understood. We formalize the ranking rule generated by a ladder tournament, and we show…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-07 Roland Pongou , Bertrand Tchantcho , Narcisse Tedjeugang

The score sequence of a tournament is the sequence of the out-degrees of its vertices arranged in nondecreasing order. The problem of counting score sequences of a tournament with $n$ vertices is more than 100 years old (MacMahon 1920). In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Anders Claesson , Mark Dukes , Atli Fannar Franklín , Sigurður Örn Stefánsson
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