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Engineering problems that are modeled using sophisticated mathematical methods or are characterized by expensive-to-conduct tests or experiments, are encumbered with limited budget or finite computational resources. Moreover, practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Yonatan Ashenafi , Piyush Pandita , Sayan Ghosh

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a sample-efficient optimization algorithm widely employed across various applications. In some challenging BO tasks, input uncertainty arises due to the inevitable randomness in the optimization process, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Lin Yang , Junlong Lyu , Wenlong Lyu , Zhitang Chen

Experimental design is central to science and engineering. A ubiquitous challenge is how to maximize the value of information obtained from expensive or constrained experimental settings. Bayesian optimal experimental design (OED) provides…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-13 Sofia Mäkinen , Andrew B. Duncan , Tapio Helin

Bayesian inference is an effective approach for solving statistical learning problems especially with uncertainty and incompleteness. However, inference efficiencies are physically limited by the bottlenecks of conventional computing…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-11-06 Xiaotao Jia , Jianlei Yang , Zhaohao Wang , Yiran Chen , Hai , Li , Weisheng Zhao

Likelihood-free Bayesian inference algorithms are popular methods for calibrating the parameters of complex, stochastic models, required when the likelihood of the observed data is intractable. These algorithms characteristically rely…

Computation · Statistics 2021-12-23 Thomas P Prescott , David J Warne , Ruth E Baker

Bayesian inference typically relies on specifying a parametric model that approximates the data-generating process. However, misspecified models can yield poor convergence rates and unreliable posterior calibration. Bayesian empirical…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-27 Kenyon Ng , Weichang Yu , Howard D. Bondell

The challenge of optimal design of experiments (DOE) pervades materials science, physics, chemistry, and biology. Bayesian optimization has been used to address this challenge in vast sample spaces, although it requires framing experimental…

Deterministic computer simulations are often used as a replacement for complex physical experiments. Although less expensive than physical experimentation, computer codes can still be time-consuming to run. An effective strategy for…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-03-04 Mark Franey , Pritam Ranjan , Hugh Chipman

Computer experiments are often performed to allow modeling of a response surface of a physical experiment that can be too costly or difficult to run except using a simulator. Running the experiment over a dense grid can be prohibitively…

Applications · Statistics 2009-05-25 Robert B. Gramacy , Herbert K. H. Lee

Computer models, aiming at simulating a complex real system, are often calibrated in the light of data to improve performance. Standard calibration methods assume that the optimal values of calibration parameters are invariant to the model…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-09-01 Georgios Karagiannis , Bledar A. Konomi , Guang Lin

In many science and industry settings, a central challenge is designing experiments under time and budget constraints. Bayesian Optimal Experimental Design (BOED) is a paradigm to pick maximally informative designs that has been widely…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-02 Roubing Tang , Sabina J. Sloman , Samuel Kaski

We study the problem of causal discovery through targeted interventions. Starting from few observational measurements, we follow a Bayesian active learning approach to perform those experiments which, in expectation with respect to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-10 Julius von Kügelgen , Paul K Rubenstein , Bernhard Schölkopf , Adrian Weller

This paper introduces the Bayesian Inference Engine (BIE), a general parallel, optimised software package for parameter inference and model selection. This package is motivated by the analysis needs of modern astronomical surveys and the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Martin D. Weinberg

Simulation-based inference (SBI) methods such as approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), synthetic likelihood, and neural posterior estimation (NPE) rely on simulating statistics to infer parameters of intractable likelihood models.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-06 Daolang Huang , Ayush Bharti , Amauri Souza , Luigi Acerbi , Samuel Kaski

To optimize diffusion MRI acquisition protocols for IMPULSED model at clinical 3T scanner using Bayesian experimental design, enabling accurate cellular-scale parameter estimation under realistic scan time and scanner hardware constraints.…

In Generalised Bayesian Inference (GBI), the learning rate and hyperparameters of the loss must be estimated. These inference-hyperparameters can't be estimated jointly with the other parameters, from the data, by giving them a prior.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-18 Jeong Eun Lee , Sitong Liu , Geoff K. Nicholls

Simulation-based inference (SBI) enables amortized Bayesian inference by first training a neural posterior estimator (NPE) on prior-simulator pairs, typically through low-dimensional summary statistics, which can then be cheaply reused for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-11 Sherman Khoo , Dennis Prangle , Song Liu , Mark Beaumont

Empirical Bayes (EB) improves the accuracy of simultaneous inference "by learning from the experience of others" (Efron, 2012). Classical EB theory focuses on latent variables that are iid draws from a fitted prior (Efron, 2019). Modern…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-24 Bohan Wu , Eli N. Weinstein , David M. Blei

We propose to use Bayesian optimization (BO) to improve the efficiency of the design selection process in clinical trials. BO is a method to optimize expensive black-box functions, by using a regression as a surrogate to guide the search.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-20 Jakob Richter , Tim Friede , Jörg Rahnenführer

Bayesian Optimization is a popular tool for tuning algorithms in automatic machine learning (AutoML) systems. Current state-of-the-art methods leverage Random Forests or Gaussian processes to build a surrogate model that predicts algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Jeroen van Hoof , Joaquin Vanschoren