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Related papers: Rare Event Analysis of Large Language Models

200 papers

This paper presents a novel approach to epidemic surveillance, leveraging the power of Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models (LLMs) for effective interpretation of unstructured big data sources, like the popular ProMED and WHO…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Sergio Consoli , Peter Markov , Nikolaos I. Stilianakis , Lorenzo Bertolini , Antonio Puertas Gallardo , Mario Ceresa

LLM Ensemble -- which involves the comprehensive use of multiple large language models (LLMs), each aimed at handling user queries during downstream inference, to benefit from their individual strengths -- has gained substantial attention…

The digital landscape is rapidly evolving with an ever-increasing volume of online news, emphasizing the need for swift and precise analysis of complex events. We refer to the complex events composed of many news articles over an extended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Zhihan Zhang , Yixin Cao , Chenchen Ye , Yunshan Ma , Lizi Liao , Tat-Seng Chua

Modern high-stakes systems, such as healthcare or robotics, often generate vast streaming event sequences. Our goal is to design an efficient, plug-and-play tool to elicit logic tree-based explanations from Large Language Models (LLMs) to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Zitao Song , Chao Yang , Chaojie Wang , Bo An , Shuang Li

This paper presents a method to analyze the inference patterns used by Large Language Models (LLMs) for judgment in a case study on legal LLMs, so as to identify potential incorrect representations of the LLM, according to human domain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Lu Chen , Yuxuan Huang , Yixing Li , Dongrui Liu , Qihan Ren , Shuai Zhao , Kun Kuang , Zilong Zheng , Quanshi Zhang

Rare events can potentially occur in many applications. When manifested as opportunities to be exploited, risks to be ameliorated, or certain features to be extracted, such events become of paramount significance. Due to their sporadic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-10-10 Ali Tajer , H. Vincent Poor

Large language models (LLM) have revolutionized the processing of natural language. Although first benchmarks of the process modeling abilities of LLM are promising, it is currently under debate to what extent an LLM can generate good…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Peter Fettke , Constantin Houy

Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant progress in reasoning tasks. However, recent studies show that transformers and LLMs fail catastrophically once reasoning problems exceed modest complexity. We revisit these findings…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Revanth Rameshkumar , Jimson Huang , Yunxin Sun , Fei Xia , Abulhair Saparov

Advances in the general capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have led to their use for information retrieval, and as components in automated decision systems. A faithful representation of probabilistic reasoning in these models may…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Gabriel Freedman , Francesca Toni

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) has pushed their boundaries to many applications in various domains. Recently, the research community has started to evaluate their potential adoption in autonomous vehicles and especially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Petros Loukas , David Bassir , Savvas Chatzichristofis , Angelos Amanatiadis

This study analyzes changes in the attention mechanisms of large language models (LLMs) when used to understand natural conversations between humans (human-human). We analyze three use cases of LLMs: interactions over web content, code, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Toshish Jawale , Chaitanya Animesh , Sekhar Vallath , Kartik Talamadupula , Larry Heck

Standard language model evaluations can fail to capture risks that emerge only at deployment scale. For example, a model may produce safe responses during a small-scale beta test, yet reveal dangerous information when processing billions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Erik Jones , Meg Tong , Jesse Mu , Mohammed Mahfoud , Jan Leike , Roger Grosse , Jared Kaplan , William Fithian , Ethan Perez , Mrinank Sharma

Recent advances in artificial intelligence, particularly large language models LLMs, have shown promising capabilities in transforming rare disease research. This survey paper explores the integration of LLMs in the analysis of rare…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Valentina Carbonari , Pierangelo Veltri , Pietro Hiram Guzzi

We observe an empirical phenomenon in Large Language Models (LLMs) -- very few activations exhibit significantly larger values than others (e.g., 100,000 times larger). We call them massive activations. First, we demonstrate the widespread…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Mingjie Sun , Xinlei Chen , J. Zico Kolter , Zhuang Liu

We consider the problem of model building for rare events prediction in longitudinal follow-up studies. In this paper, we compare several resampling methods to improve standard regression models on a real life example. We evaluate the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-21 Pierre Druilhet , Mathieu Berthe , Stéphanie Léger

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being applied in a wide array of settings, well beyond the typical language-oriented use cases. In particular, LLMs are increasingly used as a plug-and-play method for fitting data and generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Hejia Liu , Mochen Yang , Gediminas Adomavicius

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used to evaluate natural language generation tasks as automated metrics. However, the likelihood, a measure of LLM's plausibility for a sentence, can vary due to superficial differences in sentences,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Masanari Oi , Masahiro Kaneko , Ryuto Koike , Mengsay Loem , Naoaki Okazaki

Large language models (LLMs) trained on huge corpora of text datasets demonstrate intriguing capabilities, achieving state-of-the-art performance on tasks they were not explicitly trained for. The precise nature of LLM capabilities is often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Eric J. Bigelow , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Robert P. Dick , Hidenori Tanaka , Tomer D. Ullman

Many recent papers have studied the development of superforecaster-level event forecasting LLMs. While methodological problems with early studies cast doubt on the use of LLMs for event forecasting, recent studies with improved evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Sang-Woo Lee , Sohee Yang , Donghyun Kwak , Noah Y. Siegel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have attracted extensive attention due to their remarkable performance across various tasks. However, the substantial computational and memory requirements of LLM inference pose challenges for deployment in…