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Artificial intelligence (AI) tutors have become increasingly popular in learning environments. In this study, we propose an AI agent prototype framework for exploring AI-assisted learning with temporal interaction patterns, multiple…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yiyao Yang , Yasemin Gulbahar

The rapid growth of programming education has outpaced traditional assessment tools, leaving faculty with limited means to provide meaningful, scalable feedback. Conventional autograders, while efficient, act as black-box systems that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Vikrant Sahu , Gagan Raj Gupta , Raghav Borikar , Nitin Mane

The increasing use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) tools in education highlights the need to understand their influence on individuals' thinking processes and agency. This research explored 20 university students' interaction…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Tianlong Zhong , Gaoxia Zhu , Kang You Lim , Yew Soon Ong

The process of creating training data to teach models is currently driven by humans, who manually analyze model weaknesses and plan how to create data that improves a student model. Approaches using LLMs as annotators reduce human effort,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Zaid Khan , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Jaemin Cho , Mohit Bansal

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into education continues to evoke both promise and skepticism. While past waves of technological optimism often fell short, recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have revived the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Lucia Happe , Dominik Fuchß , Luca Hüttner , Kai Marquardt , Anne Koziolek

As generative AI (Gen-AI) tools become more prevalent in education, there is a growing need to understand how educators, not just students, can actively shape their design and use. This study investigates how two instructors integrated four…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Qian Huang , Thijs Willems

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing educational technology by enabling highly personalized and adaptive learning environments within Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). This report delves into the integration of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Subhankar Maity , Aniket Deroy

High-fidelity, AI-based simulated classroom systems enable teachers to rehearse effective teaching strategies. However, dialogue-oriented open-ended conversations such as teaching a student about scale factors can be difficult to model.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Debajyoti Datta , Maria Phillips , James P Bywater , Jennifer Chiu , Ginger S. Watson , Laura E. Barnes , Donald E Brown

Intelligent tutoring systems have long enabled automated immediate feedback on student work when it is presented in a tightly structured format and when problems are very constrained, but reliably assessing free-form mathematical reasoning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Aron Gohr , Marie-Amelie Lawn , Kevin Gao , Inigo Serjeant , Stephen Heslip

The potential of Generative AI (GenAI) for generating feedback in computing education has been the subject of numerous studies. However, there is still limited research on how computing students engage with this feedback and to what extent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Sven Jacobs , Maurice Kempf , Natalie Kiesler

Large Language Model (LLM) tools have demonstrated their potential to deliver high-quality assistance by providing instant, personalized feedback that is crucial for effective programming education. However, many of these tools operate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Huiyong Li , Boxuan Ma

Current Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based tutoring systems (AI tutors) are primarily evaluated based on the pedagogical quality of their feedback messages. While important, pedagogy alone is insufficient because it ignores a critical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Rose Niousha , Samantha Boatright Smith , Bita Akram , Peter Brusilovsky , Arto Hellas , Juho Leinonen , John DeNero , Narges Norouzi

Machine learning plays an increasing role in intelligent tutoring systems as both the amount of data available and specialization among students grow. Nowadays, these systems are frequently deployed on mobile applications. Users on such…

In online education, innovative tools are crucial for enhancing learning outcomes. SAM (Study with AI Mentor) is an advanced platform that integrates educational videos with a context-aware chat interface powered by large language models.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Anna Bodonhelyi , Enkeleda Thaqi , Süleyman Özdel , Efe Bozkir , Enkelejda Kasneci

Large language models can increasingly adapt educational tasks to learners characteristics. In the present study, we examine a multi-agent teacher-in-the-loop system for personalizing middle school math problems. The teacher enters a base…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Candace Walkington , Theodora Beauchamp , Fareya Ikram , Merve Koçyiğit Gürbüz , Fangli Xia , Margan Lee , Andrew Lan

AI-powered coding assistants can support students in programming courses by providing on-demand explanations and debugging help. However, existing research often focuses on individual tools, leaving a gap in evidence-based design…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Boxuan Ma , Yinjie Xie , Huiyong Li , Gen Li , Li Chen , Atsushi Shimada , Shin'Ichi Konomi

The emergence of generative AI has accelerated the development of conversational tutoring systems that interact with students through natural language dialogue. Unlike prior intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), which largely function as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kirk Vanacore , Ryan S. Baker , Avery H. Closser , Jeremy Roschelle

In technical subjects characterized by high enrollment, such as Basic Hydraulics, the assessment of reports necessitates superior levels of objectivity, consistency, and formative feedback; goals often compromised by faculty workload. This…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Hugo Roger Paz

As design thinking education grows in secondary and tertiary contexts, educators face the challenge of evaluating creative artefacts that combine visual and textual elements. Traditional rubric-based assessment is laborious, time-consuming,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Sumbul Khan , Wei Ting Liow , Lay Kee Ang

We investigate how automated, data-driven, personalized feedback in a large-scale intelligent tutoring system (ITS) improves student learning outcomes. We propose a machine learning approach to generate personalized feedback, which takes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Ekaterina Kochmar , Dung Do Vu , Robert Belfer , Varun Gupta , Iulian Vlad Serban , Joelle Pineau