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Source code comes in different shapes and forms. Previous research has already shown code to be more predictable than natural language as well as highlighted its statistical predictability at the token level: source code can be natural.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Profir-Petru Pârţachi , Mahito Sugiyama

Automating code documentation through explanatory text can prove highly beneficial in code understanding. Large Language Models (LLMs) have made remarkable strides in Natural Language Processing, especially within software engineering tasks…

Smart contract code summarization is crucial for efficient maintenance and vulnerability mitigation. While many studies use Large Language Models (LLMs) for summarization, their performance still falls short compared to fine-tuned models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Xiaoqi Li , Yingjie Mao , Zexin Lu , Wenkai Li , Zongwei Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in automated source-to-target code translation through pretraining on extensive code corpora. However, mainstream LLM-based code translation methods suffer from two critical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-13 He Jiang , Yufu Wang , Hao Lin , Peiyu Zou , Zhide Zhou , Ang Jia , Xiaochen Li , Zhilei Ren

Source code (Context) and its parsed abstract syntax tree (AST; Structure) are two complementary representations of the same computer program. Traditionally, designers of machine learning models have relied predominantly either on Structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Daniel Zügner , Tobias Kirschstein , Michele Catasta , Jure Leskovec , Stephan Günnemann

This chapter explores advancements in decoding strategies for large language models (LLMs), focusing on enhancing the Locally Typical Sampling (LTS) algorithm. Traditional decoding methods, such as top-k and nucleus sampling, often struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jaydip Sen , Saptarshi Sengupta , Subhasis Dasgupta

An effective and efficient encoding of the source code of a computer program is critical to the success of sequence-to-sequence deep neural network models for tasks in computer program comprehension, such as automated code summarization and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Tenzin Jinpa , Yong Gao

Evaluating text summarization has been a challenging task in natural language processing (NLP). Automatic metrics which heavily rely on reference summaries are not suitable in many situations, while human evaluation is time-consuming and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Huyen Nguyen , Haihua Chen , Lavanya Pobbathi , Junhua Ding

Deep learning techniques applied to program analysis tasks such as code classification, summarization, and bug detection have seen widespread interest. Traditional approaches, however, treat programming source code as natural language text,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Xueting Guan , Christoph Treude

Source code summarization of a subroutine is the task of writing a short, natural language description of that subroutine. The description usually serves in documentation aimed at programmers, where even brief phrase (e.g. "compresses data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Aakash Bansal , Sakib Haque , Collin McMillan

Code summarization (CS) is becoming a promising area in recent language understanding, which aims to generate sensible human language automatically for programming language in the format of source code, serving in the most convenience of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Hongqiu Wu , Hai Zhao , Min Zhang

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLM) have achieved remarkable successes in several domains. However, code-oriented LLMs are heavy in computational complexity, and quadratically with the length of the input. Toward simplifying the input…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Yan Wang , Xiaoning Li , Tien Nguyen , Shaohua Wang , Chao Ni , Ling Ding

Software documentation is essential for program comprehension, developer onboarding, code review, and long-term maintenance. Yet producing quality documentation manually is time-consuming and frequently yields incomplete or inconsistent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Afia Farjana , Zaiyu Cheng , Antonio Mastropaolo

Source code summarization is the task of writing natural language descriptions of source code behavior. Code summarization underpins software documentation for programmers. Short descriptions of code help programmers understand the program…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Aakash Bansal , Siyuan Jiang , Sakib Haque , Collin McMillan

Program source code contains complex structure information, which can be represented in structured data forms like trees or graphs. To acquire the structural information in source code, most existing researches use abstract syntax trees…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Kechi Zhang , Wenhan Wang , Huangzhao Zhang , Ge Li , Zhi Jin

Code analysis is fundamental in Software Engineering, supporting debugging, optimization, and security assessment. Human developers approach it through syntax parsing, static semantics inference, and dynamic reasoning. Traditional tools are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Wei Ma , Zhihao Lin , Shangqing Liu , Qiang Hu , Ye Liu , Wenhan Wang , Cen Zhang , Liming Nie , Li Li , Yang Liu , Lingxiao Jiang

In large-scale software development, understanding the functionality and intent behind complex codebases is critical for effective development and maintenance. While code summarization has been widely studied, existing methods primarily…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Nilesh Dhulshette , Sapan Shah , Vinay Kulkarni

Code summarization generates brief natural language descriptions of source code pieces, which can assist developers in understanding code and reduce documentation workload. Recent neural models on code summarization are trained and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Rui Xie , Tianxiang Hu , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

This paper investigates code LLMs' capability of static analysis during code intelligence tasks such as code summarization and generation. Code LLMs are now household names for their abilities to do some programming tasks that have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Chia-Yi Su , Collin McMillan

Understanding source code is a topic of great interest in the software engineering community, since it can help programmers in various tasks such as software maintenance and reuse. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Michele Carissimi , Martina Saletta , Claudio Ferretti