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Recent breakthroughs have opened the possibility to intermediate-scale quantum computing with tens to hundreds of qubits, and shown the potential for solving classical challenging problems, such as in chemistry and condensed matter physics.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Zhong-Xia Shang , Ming-Cheng Chen , Xiao Yuan , Chao-Yang Lu , Jian-Wei Pan

We aim to establish a scalable scheme for characterising diagonal non-Clifford gates for single- and multi-qudit systems; \(d\) is a prime-power integer. By employing cyclic operators and a qudit T gate, we generalise the dihedral…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-02 David Amaro-Alcalá , Barry C. Sanders , Hubert de Guise

Quantum computations that involve only Clifford operations are classically simulable despite the fact that they generate highly entangled states; this is the content of the Gottesman-Knill theorem. Here we isolate the ingredients of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sean Clark , Richard Jozsa , Noah Linden

We describe criteria for implementation of quantum computation in qudits. A qudit is a d-dimensional system whose Hilbert space is spanned by states |0>, |1>,... |d-1>. An important earlier work of Mathukrishnan and Stroud [1] describes how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Gavin K. Brennen , Dianne P. O'Leary , Stephen S. Bullock

We present an algorithm for building a circuit that approximates single qubit unitaries with precision {\epsilon} using O(log(1/{\epsilon})) Clifford and T gates and employing up to two ancillary qubits. The algorithm for computing our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-13 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Dmitri Maslov , Michele Mosca

One of the key challenges in quantum information is coherently manipulating the quantum state. However, it is an outstanding question whether control can be realized with low error. Only gates from the Clifford group -- containing $\pi$,…

Given a universal gate set on two qubits, it is well known that applying random gates from the set to random pairs of qubits will eventually yield an approximately Haar-distributed unitary. However, this requires exponential time. We show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Aram W. Harrow , Richard A. Low

We consider a model of quantum computation in which the set of elementary operations is limited to Clifford unitaries, the creation of the state $|0\rangle$ computational basis. In addition, we allow the creation of a one-qubit ancilla in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-07 Sergei Bravyi , Alexei Kitaev

In this work, we develop a novel mathematical framework for universal digital quantum computation using algebraic probability theory. We rigorously define quantum circuits as finite sequences of elementary quantum gates and establish their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Antonio Falcó , Daniela Falcó--Pomares , Hermann G. Matthies

Quantum error-correcting codes are essential to the implementation of fault-tolerant quantum computation. Homological products of classical codes offer a versatile framework for constructing quantum error-correcting codes with desirable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 Esther Xiaozhen Fu , Han Zheng , Zimu Li , Zi-Wen Liu

Given an output wavefunction of a monitored quantum circuit consisting of both unitary gates and projective measurements, we ask whether two complementary subsystems are entangled or not. For Clifford circuits, we find that this question…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-21 Beni Yoshida

We explore the implementation of pseudo-random single-qubit rotations and multi-qubit pseudo-random circuits constructed only from Clifford gates and the T-gate, a phase rotation of pi/4. Such a gate set would be appropriate for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Yaakov S. Weinstein

Topological quantum codes are intrinsically fault-tolerant to local noise, and underlie the theory of topological phases of matter. We explore geometry to enhance the performance of topological quantum codes by rotating the four dimensional…

Recently it has been shown that Repeat-Until-Success (RUS) circuits can approximate a given single-qubit unitary with an expected number of $T$ gates of about $1/3$ of what is required by optimal, deterministic, ancilla-free decompositions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Alex Bocharov , Martin Roetteler , Krysta M. Svore

We present a classical simulation method for fermionic quantum systems which, without loss of generality, can be represented by parity-preserving circuits made of two-qubit gates in a brick-wall structure. We map such circuits to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Carolin Wille , Sergii Strelchuk

We present quantum circuits for comparison and increment operations that achieve an asymptotically optimal gate count of $\Theta(n)$ and depth of $\Theta(\log n)$ over the Clifford+Toffoli gate set, while using a provably minimal number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Vivien Vandaele

We provide a new approach for compiling quantum simulation circuits that appear in Trotter, qDRIFT and multi-product formulas to Clifford and non-Clifford operations that can reduce the number of non-Clifford operations by a factor of up to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-09 Priyanka Mukhopadhyay , Nathan Wiebe , Hong Tao Zhang

Constructing quantum codes with good parameters and useful transversal gates is a central problem in quantum error correction. In this paper, we continue our work in arXiv:2502.01864 and construct the first family of asymptotically good…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Zhiyang He , Vinod Vaikuntanathan , Adam Wills , Rachel Yun Zhang

Stabilizer circuits play an important role in quantum error correction protocols, and will be vital for ensuring fault tolerance in future quantum hardware. While stabilizer circuits are defined on the Clifford generating set, {H, S, CX},…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Brendan Reid

Satisfiability Testing (SAT) techniques are well-established in classical computing where they are used to solve a broad variety of problems, e.g., in the design of classical circuits and systems. Analogous to the classical realm, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-11 Lucas Berent , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille