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Diffusion models are distinguished by their exceptional generative performance, particularly in producing high-quality samples through iterative denoising. While current theory suggests that the number of denoising steps required for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Gen Li , Changxiao Cai , Yuting Wei

Generative models based on diffusion have become the state of the art in the last few years, notably for image generation. Here, we analyse them in the high-dimensional limit, where data are formed by a very large number of variables. We…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-10-31 Giulio Biroli , Marc Mézard

We consider diffusion processes x_{t} on the unit interval. Doob-transformation techniques consist of a selection of x_{t}-paths procedure. The law of the transformed process is the one of a branching diffusion system of particles, each…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2011-07-15 Thierry Huillet

Diffusion models generate high-quality synthetic data. They operate by defining a continuous-time forward process which gradually adds Gaussian noise to data until fully corrupted. The corresponding reverse process progressively "denoises"…

Recent advances in diffusion and flow matching models have highlighted a shift in the preferred prediction target -- moving from noise ($\varepsilon$) and velocity (v) to direct data (x) prediction -- particularly in high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Qing Jin , Chaoyang Wang

Popularized by their strong image generation performance, diffusion and related methods for generative modeling have found widespread success in visual media applications. In particular, diffusion methods have enabled new approaches to data…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-28 Yibo Yang , Stephan Mandt

Diffusion models, a family of generative models based on deep learning, have become increasingly prominent in cutting-edge machine learning research. With a distinguished performance in generating samples that resemble the observed data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Lequan Lin , Zhengkun Li , Ruikun Li , Xuliang Li , Junbin Gao

We introduce a novel, training-free method for sampling differentiable representations (diffreps) using pretrained diffusion models. Rather than merely mode-seeking, our method achieves sampling by "pulling back" the dynamics of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Yash Savani , Marc Finzi , J. Zico Kolter

Score-based diffusion models generate samples from a complex underlying data distribution by time-reversal of a diffusion process and represent the state-of-the-art in many generative AI applications. Here, I show how a generative diffusion…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-09-03 Adrian Baule

A continuous-time Markov process $X$ can be conditioned to be in a given state at a fixed time $T > 0$ using Doob's $h$-transform. This transform requires the typically intractable transition density of $X$. The effect of the $h$-transform…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-09-16 Marc Corstanje , Frank van der Meulen , Moritz Schauer

Diffusion models offer stable training and state-of-the-art performance for deep generative modeling tasks. Here, we consider their use in the context of multivariate subsurface modeling and probabilistic inversion. We first demonstrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Roberto Miele , Niklas Linde

Many protein design applications, such as binder or enzyme design, require scaffolding a structural motif with high precision. Generative modelling paradigms based on denoising diffusion processes emerged as a leading candidate to address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Kieran Didi , Francisco Vargas , Simon V Mathis , Vincent Dutordoir , Emile Mathieu , Urszula J Komorowska , Pietro Lio

Deep generative models produce data according to a learned representation, e.g. diffusion models, through a process of approximation computing possible samples. Approximation can be understood as reconstruction and the large datasets used…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Luís Arandas , Mick Grierson , Miguel Carvalhais

Diffusion models have become the de facto framework for generating new datasets. The core of these models lies in the ability to reverse a diffusion process in time. The goal of this manuscript is to explain, from a PDE perspective, how…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-29 Fei Cao , Kimball Johnston , Thomas Laurent , Justin Le , Sébastien Motsch

Diffusion generative models transform noise into data by inverting a process that progressively adds noise to data samples. Inspired by concepts from the renormalization group in physics, which analyzes systems across different scales, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Mathis Gerdes , Max Welling , Miranda C. N. Cheng

In this paper, we study the quasi-stationary behavior of the one-dimensional diffusion process with a regular or exit boundary at 0 and an entrance boundary at $\infty$. By using the Doob's $h$-transform, we show that the conditional…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-15 Guoman He , Hanjun Zhang

Diffusion models are a class of generative models that serve to establish a stochastic transport map between an empirically observed, yet unknown, target distribution and a known prior. Despite their remarkable success in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Puheng Li , Zhong Li , Huishuai Zhang , Jiang Bian

Learning a categorical distribution comes with its own set of challenges. A successful approach taken by state-of-the-art works is to cast the problem in a continuous domain to take advantage of the impressive performance of the generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Florence Regol , Mark Coates

Denoising diffusions are state-of-the-art generative models exhibiting remarkable empirical performance. They work by diffusing the data distribution into a Gaussian distribution and then learning to reverse this noising process to obtain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-20 Joe Benton , Yuyang Shi , Valentin De Bortoli , George Deligiannidis , Arnaud Doucet

Large-scale generative models, such as text-to-image diffusion models, have garnered widespread attention across diverse domains due to their creative and high-fidelity image generation. Nonetheless, existing large-scale diffusion models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Younghyun Kim , Geunmin Hwang , Junyu Zhang , Eunbyung Park