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The rise of generative AI, has driven significant advancements in high-risk sectors like healthcare and finance. The Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture, combining language models (LLMs) with search engines, is particularly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Grégoire Martinon , Alexandra Lorenzo de Brionne , Jérôme Bohard , Antoine Lojou , Damien Hervault , Nicolas J-B. Brunel

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a powerful framework for enhancing large language models in knowledge-intensive and reasoning tasks. However, as reasoning chains deepen or search trees expand, RAG systems often face two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Shuguang Jiao , Xinyu Xiao , Yunfan Wei , Shuhan Qi , Chengkai Huang , Quan Z. Michael Sheng , Lina Yao

Knowledge poisoning poses a critical threat to Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems by injecting adversarial content into knowledge bases, tricking Large Language Models (LLMs) into producing attacker-controlled outputs grounded in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yutao Wu , Xiao Liu , Yinghui Li , Yifeng Gao , Yifan Ding , Jiale Ding , Xiang Zheng , Xingjun Ma

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves the reliability of large language model applications by grounding generation in retrieved evidence, but it also introduces a new attack surface: corpus poisoning. In this setting, an adversary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xiangyu Yin , Yi Qi , Chih-Hong Cheng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance response credibility and traceability by displaying reference contexts, but this transparency simultaneously introduces a novel black-box attack vector. Existing document poisoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Runqi Sui

Multimodal retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances the visual reasoning capability of vision-language models (VLMs) by dynamically accessing information from external knowledge bases. In this work, we introduce \textit{Poisoned-MRAG},…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Yinuo Liu , Zenghui Yuan , Guiyao Tie , Jiawen Shi , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has shown impressive capabilities in mitigating hallucinations in large language models (LLMs). However, LLMs struggle to maintain consistent reasoning when exposed to misleading or conflicting evidence,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Linda Zeng , Rithwik Gupta , Divij Motwani , Yi Zhang , Diji Yang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to access broader knowledge sources, yet factual inconsistencies persist due to noise in retrieved documents-even with advanced retrieval methods. We demonstrate that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yongjian Li , HaoCheng Chu , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Shi Yu , Zheni Zeng , Ruobing Wang , Sen Song , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a prevalent approach for building LLM-based question-answering systems that can take advantage of external knowledge databases. Due to the complexity of real-world RAG systems, there are many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Kin Kwan Leung , Mouloud Belbahri , Yi Sui , Alex Labach , Xueying Zhang , Stephen Anthony Rose , Jesse C. Cresswell

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves knowledge-intensive question answering by incorporating external evidence. However, existing RAG methods still suffer from hallucinations and subtle reasoning errors. Recent studies introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wenhan Xiao , Ziwei Zhang , Chuanyue Yu , Xingcheng Fu , Qingyun Sun , Runhua Xu , Jianxin Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) helps large language models (LLMs) answer knowledge-intensive and time-sensitive questions by conditioning generation on external evidence. However, most RAG systems still retrieve unstructured chunks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jiashuo Sun , Yixuan Xie , Jimeng Shi , Shaowen Wang , Jiawei Han

Diffusion models (DMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable generation capability. However, their training generally requires huge computational resources and large-scale datasets. To solve these, recent studies empower DMs with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Hao Fang , Xiaohang Sui , Hongyao Yu , Kuofeng Gao , Jiawei Kong , Sijin Yu , Bin Chen , Shu-Tao Xia

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are vulnerable to knowledge base poisoning, yet existing attacks have been evaluated almost exclusively against vanilla retrieve-then-generate pipelines. Architectures designed to handle…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Samuel Korn

Learning-based planners generate natural human-like driving behaviors by learning to reason about nuanced interactions from data, overcoming the rigid behaviors that arise from rule-based planners. Nonetheless, data-driven approaches often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Wenhao Ding , Sushant Veer , Yuxiao Chen , Yulong Cao , Chaowei Xiao , Marco Pavone

Industrial advertising question answering (QA) is a high-stakes task in which hallucinated content, particularly fabricated URLs, can lead to financial loss, compliance violations, and legal risk. Although Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Wenwei Li , Ming Xu , Tianle Xia , Lingxiang Hu , Yiding Sun , Linfang Shang , Liqun Liu , Peng Shu , Huan Yu , Jie Jiang

GraphRAG advances retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) by structuring external knowledge as multi-scale knowledge graphs, enabling language models to integrate both broad context and granular details in their generation. While GraphRAG has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jiacheng Liang , Yuhui Wang , Changjiang Li , Rongyi Zhu , Tanqiu Jiang , Neil Gong , Ting Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a powerful and widely used approach for improving large language models by grounding generation in retrieved evidence. However, RAG systems still produce incorrect answers in many cases. Why…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kai Guo , Xinnan Dai , Zhibo Zhang , Nuohan Lin , Shenglai Zeng , Jie Ren , Haoyu Han , Jiliang Tang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) frameworks enable large language models (LLMs) to retrieve relevant information from a knowledge base and incorporate it into the context for generating responses. This mitigates hallucinations and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Pouria Rouzrokh , Shahriar Faghani , Cooper U. Gamble , Moein Shariatnia , Bradley J. Erickson

Implementing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems is inherently complex, requiring deep understanding of data, use cases, and intricate design decisions. Additionally, evaluating these systems presents significant challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Daniel Fleischer , Moshe Berchansky , Moshe Wasserblat , Peter Izsak

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) works as a backbone for interacting with an enterprise's own data via Conversational Question Answering (ConvQA). In a RAG system, a retriever fetches passages from a collection in response to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Rishiraj Saha Roy , Joel Schlotthauer , Chris Hinze , Andreas Foltyn , Luzian Hahn , Fabian Kuech
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