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Irreversible information processing cannot be carried out without some inevitable thermodynamical work cost. This fundamental restriction, known as Landauer's principle, is increasingly relevant today, as the energy dissipation of computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-08 Philippe Faist , Frédéric Dupuis , Jonathan Oppenheim , Renato Renner

We discuss, using recent results on the Landauer's bound in multivalued logic, the difficulties and pitfalls of how to apply this principle. The presentation is based on Szilard's version of Maxwell's demon experiment and use of equilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-01-20 Radosław A. Kycia , Agnieszka Niemczynowcz

Information erasure inevitably leads to heat dissipation. Minimizing this dissipation will be crucial for developing small-scale information processing systems, but little is known about the optimal procedures required. We have obtained…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-17 Patrick R. Zulkowski , Michael R. DeWeese

We discuss the identity of black hole entropy and show that the first law of black hole thermodynamics, in the case of a Schwarzschild black hole, can be derived from Landauer's principle by assuming that the black hole is one of the most…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Hyeong-Chan Kim , Jae-Weon Lee , Jungjai Lee

The energy cost of erasing a bit of information was fundamentally lower bounded by Landauer, in terms of the temperature of its environment: $W\geq k_\mathrm{B} T \ln 2$. However, in real electronic devices, the information-bearing system…

Erasing memory is a fundamental operational task in quantum information processing, governed by Landauer's principle, which links information loss to thermodynamic work. We introduce and analyze assisted quantum erasure, where correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-08 Mir Alimuddin , Nathan Shettell , Raja Yehia , Antonio Acín , Federico Centrone

Landauer's principle states that the erasure of information must be a dissipative process. In this paper, we carefully analyze the recording and erasure of information on a physical memory. On the one hand, we show that in order to record…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-15 Léo Granger , Holger Kantz

Modern digital electronics support remarkably reliable computing, especially given the challenge of controlling nanoscale logical components that interact in fluctuating environments. However, we demonstrate that the high-reliability limit…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-10-07 P. M. Riechers , A. B. Boyd , G. W. Wimsatt , J. P. Crutchfield

This article discusses the concept of information and its intimate relationship with physics. After an introduction of all the necessary quantum mechanical and information theoretical concepts we analyze Landauer's principle that states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. B. Plenio , V. Vitelli

The first law of thermodynamics, which governs energy conservation, is traditionally formulated as an equality. Surprisingly, we demonstrate that the first law alone implies a universal Landauer-like inequality linking changes in system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-17 Junjie Liu , Hanlin Nie

The thermodynamic cost of resetting an arbitrary initial state to a particular desired state is lower bounded by Landauer's bound. However, here we demonstrate that this lower bound is necessarily unachievable for nearly every initial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Paul M. Riechers , Mile Gu

We confirm Landauer's 1961 hypothesis that reducing the number of possible macroscopic states in a system by a factor of two requires work of at least kT ln 2. Our experiment uses a colloidal particle in a time-dependent, virtual potential…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-11-11 Yonggun Jun , Momčilo Gavrilov , John Bechhoefer

In this theoretical study, we determine the maximum amount of work extractable in finite time by a demon performing continuous measurements on a quadratic Hamiltonian system subjected to thermal fluctuations, in terms of the information…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-10-21 Henrik Sandberg , Jean-Charles Delvenne , Nigel J. Newton , Sanjoy K. Mitter

According to Landauer's principle, erasing one bit of information incurs a minimum energy cost. Recently, Vaccaro and Barnett (VB) explored information erasure within the context of generalized Gibbs ensembles and demonstrated that for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-15 Toshio Croucher , Salil Bedkihal , Joan A. Vaccaro

Conventional computing has many sources of heat dissipation, but one of these--the Landauer limit--poses a fundamental lower bound of 1 bit of entropy per bit erased. 'Reversible Computing' avoids this source of dissipation, but is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-25 Hannah Earley

Time-dependent protocols that perform irreversible logical operations, such as memory erasure, cost work and produce heat, placing bounds on the efficiency of computers. Here we use a prototypical computer model of a physical memory to show…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-11-14 Stephen Whitelam

We show that Hawking black-hole evaporation saturates the Landauer Principle of information thermodynamics. Our result implies that information loss experienced by a black hole during Hawking evaporation takes place as efficiently as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-13 Marina Cortês , Andrew R Liddle

Landauer's principle, a cornerstone of quantum information and thermodynamics, appears to be violated when the thermal reservoir is replaced by a squeezed thermal state (STS), owing to the additional thermodynamic resources inherently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Hao Xu

Landauer principle describes the minimum heat produced by an information-processing device. Recently a new term has been included in the minimum heat production: it's called conditional entropy and takes into account the microstates content…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-10-06 D. Chiuchiú , M. C. Diamantini , L. Gammaitoni

Landauer's principle bridges information theory and thermodynamics by linking the entropy change of a system during a process to the average energy dissipated to its environment. Although typically discussed in the context of erasing a…

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