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The rapid evolution of large language model (LLM)-driven autonomous agents has given rise to OpenClaw, a new class of open-source agent frameworks that operate as continuously running, skill-augmented systems with persistent memory,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yuntao Wang , Jianle Ba , Han Liu , Yanghe Pan , Jintao Wei , Zhou Su , Tom H. Luan , Linkang Du

People increasingly use LLM agents for multi-turn financial recommendations, where the agent pulls market data through tools and tracks user preferences across turns. When tool outputs are manipulated, the recommendations stop matching the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zekun Wu , Adriano Koshiyama , Sahan Bulathwela , Maria Perez-Ortiz

Large language models are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents in multi-agent settings where they communicate intentions and take consequential actions with limited human oversight. A critical safety question is whether agents that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jerick Shi , Terry Jingcheng Zhang , Zhijing Jin , Vincent Conitzer

As LLM agents are increasingly deployed with large libraries of reusable skills, selecting the right skill for a user request has become a critical systems challenge. In small libraries, users may invoke skills explicitly by name, but this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hongcheol Cho , Ryangkyung Kang , Youngeun Kim

As AI agents are increasingly adopted to collaborate on complex objectives, ensuring the security of autonomous multi-agent systems becomes crucial. We develop simulations of agents collaborating on shared objectives to study these security…

Recent advances have enabled LLM-powered AI agents to autonomously execute complex tasks by combining language model reasoning with tools, memory, and web access. But can these systems be trusted to follow deployment policies in realistic…

The widespread deployment of LLM-based agents is likely to introduce a critical privacy threat: malicious agents that proactively engage others in multi-turn interactions to extract sensitive information. However, the evolving nature of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yanzhe Zhang , Diyi Yang

Machine learning (ML) underpins foundation models in finance, healthcare, and critical infrastructure, making them targets for data poisoning, model extraction, prompt injection, automated jailbreaking, and preference-guided black-box…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Armstrong Foundjem , Lionel Nganyewou Tidjon , Leuson Da Silva , Foutse Khomh

The advancement of large language model (LLM) based agents has shifted AI evaluation from single-turn response assessment to multi-step task completion in interactive environments. We present an empirical study evaluating frontier AI models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Logan Ritchie , Sushant Mehta , Nick Heiner , Mason Yu , Edwin Chen

An Artificial Intelligence (AI) agent is a software entity that autonomously performs tasks or makes decisions based on pre-defined objectives and data inputs. AI agents, capable of perceiving user inputs, reasoning and planning tasks, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Zehang Deng , Yongjian Guo , Changzhou Han , Wanlun Ma , Junwu Xiong , Sheng Wen , Yang Xiang

LLMs have becoming increasingly powerful, both in their benign and malicious uses. With the increase in capabilities, researchers have been increasingly interested in their ability to exploit cybersecurity vulnerabilities. In particular,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Richard Fang , Rohan Bindu , Akul Gupta , Daniel Kang

LLM agents have been widely adopted in real-world applications, relying on agent frameworks for workflow execution and multi-agent coordination. As these systems scale, understanding bugs in the underlying agent frameworks becomes critical.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Xinxue Zhu , Jiacong Wu , Xiaoyu Zhang , Tianlin Li , Yanzhou Mu , Juan Zhai , Chao Shen , Chunrong Fang , Yang Liu

Customer-service LLM agents increasingly make policy-bound decisions (refunds, rebooking, billing disputes), but the same ``helpful'' interaction style can be exploited: a small fraction of users can induce unauthorized concessions,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Jingyu Zhang

As artificial intelligence (AI) assistants become more widely adopted in safety-critical domains, it becomes important to develop safeguards against potential failures or adversarial attacks. A key prerequisite to developing these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Abed Kareem Musaffar , Anand Gokhale , Sirui Zeng , Rasta Tadayon , Xifeng Yan , Ambuj Singh , Francesco Bullo

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) in multi-agent systems has highlighted their impressive capabilities in various applications, such as collaborative problem-solving and autonomous negotiation. However, the security…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Tianjie Ju , Yiting Wang , Xinbei Ma , Pengzhou Cheng , Haodong Zhao , Yulong Wang , Lifeng Liu , Jian Xie , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

LLM agents call tools, query databases, delegate tasks, and trigger external side effects. Once an agent system can act in the world, the question is no longer only whether harmful actions can be prevented--it is whether those actions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yi Nian , Aojie Yuan , Haiyue Zhang , Jiate Li , Yue Zhao

Due to their unprecedented ability to process and respond to various types of data, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are constantly defining the new boundary of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). As these advanced generative…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhen Tan , Chengshuai Zhao , Raha Moraffah , Yifan Li , Yu Kong , Tianlong Chen , Huan Liu

Even when a tool is explicitly described as unfair and harmful to others, ostensibly safety-aligned LLM agents still voluntarily engage in secret collusion whenever doing so confers a strategic advantage. To investigate this phenomenon, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xijie Zeng , Frank Rudzicz

Agents operating with computer and Web use inevitably encounter errors: inaccessible webpages, missing files, local and remote misconfigurations, etc. These errors do not thwart agents based on state-of-the-art models. They helpfully…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Rishi Jha , Harold Triedman , Arkaprabha Bhattacharya , Vitaly Shmatikov

The open-source software (OSS) ecosystem suffers from security threats caused by malware.However, OSS malware research has three limitations: a lack of high-quality datasets, a lack of malware diversity, and a lack of attack campaign…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Xiaoyan Zhou , Ying Zhang , Wenjia Niu , Jiqiang Liu , Haining Wang , Qiang Li