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Optimizing the parallel training of large models requires exploring intra-operator parallelism plans for a computation graph that typically contains tens of thousands of primitive operators. While the optimization of parallel data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Weifang Hu , Xuanhua Shi , Yunkai Zhang , Chang Wu , Xuan Peng , Jiaqi Zhai , Hai Jin , Xuehai Qian , Jingling Xue , Yongluan Zhou

Modern recommendation models have increased to trillions of parameters. As cluster scales expand to O(1k), distributed training bottlenecks shift from computation and memory to data movement, especially lookup and communication latency…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Zhida Jiang , Zhaolong Xing , Huichao Chai , Tianxing Sun , Qiang Peng , Baopeng Yuan , Jiaxing Wang , Hua Du , Zhixin Wu , Xuemiao Li , Yikui Cao , Xinyu Liu , Yongxiang Feng , Zhen Chen , Ke Zhang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) remains resource-intensive due to their sheer scale. While zeroth-order (ZO) optimization provides a memory-efficient alternative by eliminating backward passes, its application to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Liangyu Wang , Huanyi Xie , Di Wang

The training efficiency and scalability of language models on massive clusters currently remain a critical bottleneck. Mainstream approaches like ND parallelism are often cumbersome and complex, while flexible alternatives such as the Zero…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Huawei Bai , Yifan Huang , Wenqi Shi , Ansheng You , Feifan Shao , Tengfei Han , Minghui Yu

Training LLMs relies on distributed implementations using multiple GPUs to compute gradients in parallel with sharded optimizers. However, synchronizing gradients in data parallel setups introduces communication overhead that grows with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Adel Nabli , Louis Fournier , Pierre Erbacher , Louis Serrano , Eugene Belilovsky , Edouard Oyallon

With the rapid evolution of GPU architectures, the heterogeneity of model training infrastructures is steadily increasing. In such environments, effectively utilizing all available heterogeneous accelerators becomes critical for distributed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Antian Liang , Zhigang Zhao , Kai Zhang , Xuri Shi , Chuantao Li , Chunxiao Wang , Zhenying He , Yinan Jing , X. Sean Wang

Linear attention mechanisms deliver significant advantages for Large Language Models (LLMs) by providing linear computational complexity, enabling efficient processing of ultra-long sequences (e.g., 1M context). However, existing Sequence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Yuhong Chou , Zehao Liu , Ruijie Zhu , Xinyi Wan , Tianjian Li , Congying Chu , Qian Liu , Jibin Wu , Zejun Ma

Training large language models requires distributing computation across many accelerators, yet practitioners select parallelism strategies (data, tensor, pipeline, ZeRO) through trial and error because no unified systematic framework…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Deep Pankajbhai Mehta

Large-scale deep learning models contribute to significant performance improvements on varieties of downstream tasks. Current data and model parallelism approaches utilize model replication and partition techniques to support the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Youhe Jiang , Fangcheng Fu , Xupeng Miao , Xiaonan Nie , Bin Cui

Reducing the average memory access time is crucial for improving the performance of applications running on multi-core architectures. With workload consolidation this becomes increasingly challenging due to shared resource contention.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Nadja Ramhöj Holtryd , Madhavan Manivannan , Per Stenström , Miquel Pericàs

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have revolutionized numerous applications, but the demand for ever more performance remains unabated. Scaling DNN computations to larger clusters is generally done by distributing tasks in batch mode using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Tong Geng , Tianqi Wang , Ang Li , Xi Jin , Martin Herbordt

Mixture-of-Experts is a promising approach for edge AI with low-batch inference. Yet, on-device deployments often face limited on-chip memory and severe workload imbalance; the prevalent use of offloading further incurs off-chip memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Songchen Ma , Hongyi Li , Weihao Zhang , Yonghao Tan , Pingcheng Dong , Yu Liu , Lan Liu , Yuzhong Jiao , Xuejiao Liu , Luhong Liang , Kwang-Ting Cheng

In this work, we propose FFDP, a set of IO-aware non-GEMM fused kernels supplemented with a distributed framework for image registration at unprecedented scales. Image registration is an inverse problem fundamental to biomedical and life…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Rohit Jena , Vedant Zope , Pratik Chaudhari , James C. Gee

Distributed synchronous stochastic gradient descent has been widely used to train deep neural networks (DNNs) on computer clusters. With the increase of computational power, network communications generally limit the system scalability.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Shaohuai Shi , Xiaowen Chu , Bo Li

Large-scale deep learning models contribute to significant performance improvements on varieties of downstream tasks. Current data and model parallelism approaches utilize model replication and partition techniques to support the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Youhe Jiang , Fangcheng Fu , Xupeng Miao , Xiaonan Nie , Bin Cui

Training large language models (LLMs) encounters challenges in GPU memory consumption due to the high memory requirements of model states. The widely used Zero Redundancy Optimizer (ZeRO) addresses this issue through strategic sharding but…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Qiaoling Chen , Qinghao Hu , Guoteng Wang , Yingtong Xiong , Ting Huang , Xun Chen , Yang Gao , Hang Yan , Yonggang Wen , Tianwei Zhang , Peng Sun

Deep learning using large models have achieved great success in a wide range of domains. However, training these models on billions of parameters is very challenging in terms of the training speed, memory cost, and communication efficiency,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Zhiqi Bu , Justin Chiu , Ruixuan Liu , Sheng Zha , George Karypis

The fundamental success of large language models hinges upon the efficacious implementation of large-scale distributed training techniques. Nevertheless, building a vast, high-performance cluster featuring high-speed communication…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Weigao Sun , Zhen Qin , Weixuan Sun , Shidi Li , Dong Li , Xuyang Shen , Yu Qiao , Yiran Zhong

Because of the superior feature representation ability of deep learning, various deep Click-Through Rate (CTR) models are deployed in the commercial systems by industrial companies. To achieve better performance, it is necessary to train…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Huifeng Guo , Wei Guo , Yong Gao , Ruiming Tang , Xiuqiang He , Wenzhi Liu

Cell-free multiple-input multiple-output (CF-MIMO) architecture significantly enhances wireless network performance, offering a promising solution for delay-sensitive applications. This paper investigates the resource allocation problem in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Shuangbo Xiong , Cheng Zhang , Wen Wang , Wenwu Yu , Yongming Huang