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We propose o1Neuro, a new neural network model built on sparse indicator activation neurons, with two key statistical properties. (1) Constructive universal approximation: At the population level, a deep o1Neuro can approximate any…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-15 Chien-Ming Chi

Equivariant neural networks provide a principled framework for incorporating symmetry into learning architectures and have been extensively analyzed through the lens of their separation power, that is, the ability to distinguish inputs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Marco Pacini , Gabriele Santin , Bruno Lepri , Shubhendu Trivedi

We generalize the classical universal approximation theorem for neural networks to the case of complex-valued neural networks. Precisely, we consider feedforward networks with a complex activation function $\sigma : \mathbb{C} \to…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-13 Felix Voigtlaender

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been shown to be effective models for different predictive tasks on graph-structured data. Recent work on their expressive power has focused on isomorphism tasks and countable feature spaces. We extend this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Gabriele Corso , Luca Cavalleri , Dominique Beaini , Pietro Liò , Petar Veličković

Modifications to a neural network's input and output layers are often required to accommodate the specificities of most practical learning tasks. However, the impact of such changes on architecture's approximation capabilities is largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Anastasis Kratsios , Eugene Bilokopytov

We present MR-Net, a general architecture for multiresolution neural networks, and a framework for imaging applications based on this architecture. Our coordinate-based networks are continuous both in space and in scale as they are composed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Hallison Paz , Tiago Novello , Vinicius Silva , Luiz Schirmer , Guilherme Schardong , Fabio Chagas , Helio Lopes , Luiz Velho

Universality results for equivariant neural networks remain rare. Those that do exist typically hold only in restrictive settings: either they rely on regular or higher-order tensor representations, leading to impractically high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-20 Marco Pacini , Mircea Petrache , Bruno Lepri , Shubhendu Trivedi , Robin Walters

In this paper, we prove the rate of approximation for the Neural Network Sampling Operators activated by sigmoidal functions with mixed Lebesgue norm in terms of averaged modulus of smoothness for a bounded measurable functions on bounded…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Arpan Kumar Dey , A. Sathish Kumar , P. Devaraj

In this paper, we extend several approximation theorems, originally formulated in the context of the standard $L^p$ norm, to the more general framework of variable exponent spaces. Our study is motivated by applications in neural networks,…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-22 Mitsuo Izuki , Takahiro Noi , Yoshihiro Sawano , Hirokazu Tanaka

This paper proposes a new neural network architecture by introducing an additional dimension called height beyond width and depth. Neural network architectures with height, width, and depth as hyper-parameters are called three-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

This work explores the search for heterogeneous approximate multiplier configurations for neural networks that produce high accuracy and low energy consumption. We discuss the validity of additive Gaussian noise added to accurate neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Elias Trommer , Bernd Waschneck , Akash Kumar

In recent years, machine learning techniques based on neural networks for mobile computing become increasingly popular. Classical multi-layer neural networks require matrix multiplications at each stage. Multiplication operation is not an…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-10 Arman Afrasiyabi , Ozan Yildiz , Baris Nasir , Fatos T. Yarman Vural , A. Enis Cetin

Recent years have witnessed a hot wave of deep neural networks in various domains; however, it is not yet well understood theoretically. A theoretical characterization of deep neural networks should point out their approximation ability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Gao Zhang , Jin-Hui Wu , Shao-Qun Zhang

In this study, we explore the impact of network topology on the approximation capabilities of artificial neural networks (ANNs), with a particular focus on complex topologies. We propose a novel methodology for constructing complex ANNs…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Tommaso Boccato , Matteo Ferrante , Andrea Duggento , Nicola Toschi

We present a constructive universal approximation theorem for learning machines equipped with joint-group-equivariant feature maps, called the joint-equivariant machines, based on the group representation theory. ``Constructive'' here…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Sho Sonoda , Yuka Hashimoto , Isao Ishikawa , Masahiro Ikeda

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved tremendous success on multiple graph-based learning tasks by fusing network structure and node features. Modern GNN models are built upon iterative aggregation of neighbor's/proximity features by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Susheel Suresh , Vinith Budde , Jennifer Neville , Pan Li , Jianzhu Ma

Symmetric functions, which take as input an unordered, fixed-size set, are known to be universally representable by neural networks that enforce permutation invariance. These architectures only give guarantees for fixed input sizes, yet in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Aaron Zweig , Joan Bruna

Empirically, neural networks that attempt to learn programs from data have exhibited poor generalizability. Moreover, it has traditionally been difficult to reason about the behavior of these models beyond a certain level of input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-24 Jonathon Cai , Richard Shin , Dawn Song

Combining additive models and neural networks allows to broaden the scope of statistical regression and extend deep learning-based approaches by interpretable structured additive predictors at the same time. Existing attempts uniting the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-12 David Rügamer , Chris Kolb , Nadja Klein

We introduce a class of fully-connected neural networks whose activation functions, rather than being pointwise, rescale feature vectors by a function depending only on their norm. We call such networks radial neural networks, extending…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Iordan Ganev , Twan van Laarhoven , Robin Walters