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The emergence of complex life on Earth is often attributed to the arms race that ensued from a huge number of organisms all competing for finite resources. We present an artificial intelligence research environment, inspired by the human…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Joseph Suarez , Yilun Du , Phillip Isola , Igor Mordatch

Large language models (LLMs) are being widely applied across various fields, but as tasks become more complex, evaluating their responses is increasingly challenging. Compared to human evaluators, the use of LLMs to support performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Yuran Li , Jama Hussein Mohamud , Chongren Sun , Di Wu , Benoit Boulet

Recent advancements in financial problem-solving have leveraged LLMs and agent-based systems, with a primary focus on trading and financial modeling. However, credit assessment remains an underexplored challenge, traditionally dependent on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Gautam Jajoo , Pranjal A Chitale , Saksham Agarwal

Strategic decision-making in multi-agent settings is a key challenge for large language models (LLMs), particularly when coordination and negotiation must unfold over extended conversations. While recent work has explored the use of LLMs in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Victor Conchello Vendrell , Max Ruiz Luyten , Mihaela van der Schaar

The balancing process for game levels in a competitive two-player context involves a lot of manual work and testing, particularly in non-symmetrical game levels. In this paper, we propose an architecture for automated balancing of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Florian Rupp , Manuel Eberhardinger , Kai Eckert

Large language models have demonstrated remarkable few-shot performance on many natural language understanding tasks. Despite several demonstrations of using large language models in complex, strategic scenarios, there lacks a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Anthony Costarelli , Mat Allen , Roman Hauksson , Grace Sodunke , Suhas Hariharan , Carlson Cheng , Wenjie Li , Joshua Clymer , Arjun Yadav

Text evaluation has historically posed significant challenges, often demanding substantial labor and time cost. With the emergence of large language models (LLMs), researchers have explored LLMs' potential as alternatives for human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Chi-Min Chan , Weize Chen , Yusheng Su , Jianxuan Yu , Wei Xue , Shanghang Zhang , Jie Fu , Zhiyuan Liu

The swift evolution of Large-scale Models (LMs), either language-focused or multi-modal, has garnered extensive attention in both academy and industry. But despite the surge in interest in this rapidly evolving area, there are scarce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Xinrun Xu , Yuxin Wang , Chaoyi Xu , Ziluo Ding , Jiechuan Jiang , Zhiming Ding , Börje F. Karlsson

The believable simulation of multi-user behavior is crucial for understanding complex social systems. Recently, large language models (LLMs)-based AI agents have made significant progress, enabling them to achieve human-like intelligence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Yijun Liu , Wu Liu , Xiaoyan Gu , Yong Rui , Xiaodong He , Yongdong Zhang

It is frequently suggested that predictions made by game theory could be improved by considering computational restrictions when modeling agents. Under the supposition that players in a game may desire to balance maximization of payoff with…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Hubie Chen

Traffic simulation is important for transportation optimization and policy making. While existing simulators such as SUMO and MATSim offer fully-featured platforms and utilities, users without too much knowledge about these platforms often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Yuwei Du , Jun Zhang , Jie Feng , Zhicheng Liu , Jian Yuan , Yong Li

In financial trading, large language model (LLM)-based agents demonstrate significant potential. However, the high sensitivity to market noise undermines the performance of LLM-based trading systems. To address this limitation, we propose a…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-08-19 Li Zhao , Rui Sun , Zuoyou Jiang , Bo Yang , Yuxiao Bai , Mengting Chen , Xinyang Wang , Jing Li , Zuo Bai

We introduce LudoBench, a benchmark for evaluating LLM strategic reasoning in Ludo, a stochastic multi-agent board game whose dice mechanics, piece capture, safe-square navigation, and home-path progression introduce meaningful planning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Ojas Jain , Dhruv Kumar

As Large Language Models (LLMs) transition from text processors to autonomous agents, evaluating their social reasoning in embodied multi-agent settings becomes critical. We introduce SocialGrid, an embodied multi-agent environment inspired…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Hikaru Shindo , Hanzhao Lin , Lukas Helff , Patrick Schramowski , Kristian Kersting

We introduce a new class of context dependent, incomplete information games to serve as structured prediction models for settings with significant strategic interactions. Our games map the input context to outcomes by first condensing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Vikas K. Garg , Tommi Jaakkola

Multi-agent systems utilizing large language models (LLMs) have shown great promise in achieving natural dialogue. However, smooth dialogue control and autonomous decision making among agents still remain challenges. In this study, we focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Ryota Nonomura , Hiroki Mori

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in competitive multi-agent settings, raising fundamental questions about whether they converge to equilibria and how their strategic behavior can be characterized. In this paper,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jiayi Yao , Cong Chen , Baosen Zhang

Large language model (LLM) agents deployed in unknown environments must learn task structure at test time, but current approaches require thousands of interactions to form useful hypotheses. We present Sensi, an LLM agent architecture for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Mohsen Arjmandi

Multi-agent simulations are versatile tools for exploring interactions among natural and artificial agents, but their development typically demands domain expertise and manual effort. This work introduces the Generative Agents for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Agnieszka Mensfelt , Kostas Stathis , Vince Trencsenyi

Recent breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) have positioned them as a promising paradigm for agents, with long-term planning and decision-making emerging as core general-purpose capabilities for adapting to diverse scenarios and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Dawei Wang , Chengming Zhou , Di Zhao , Xinyuan Liu , Marci Chi Ma , Gary Ushaw , Richard Davison