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Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of artificial intelligence, endowing it with sophisticated language understanding and generation capabilities. However, when faced with more complex and interconnected tasks that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Thorsten Händler

The balance of game content significantly impacts the gaming experience. Unbalanced game content diminishes engagement or increases frustration because of repetitive failure. Although game designers intend to adjust the difficulty of game…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Hyeon-Chang Jeon , In-Chang Baek , Cheong-mok Bae , Taehwa Park , Wonsang You , Taegwan Ha , Hoyun Jung , Jinha Noh , Seungwon Oh , Kyung-Joong Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications that demand complex reasoning. To track progress, robust benchmarks are required to evaluate their capabilities beyond superficial pattern recognition.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Wenye Lin , Jonathan Roberts , Yunhan Yang , Samuel Albanie , Zongqing Lu , Kai Han

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have presented challenges in evaluating those models. Existing evaluation methods are either reference-based or preference based, which inevitably need human intervention or introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Dan Qiao , Chenfei Wu , Yaobo Liang , Juntao Li , Nan Duan

Traditional control system design, reliant on expert knowledge and precise models, struggles with complex, nonlinear, or uncertain dynamics. This paper introduces AgenticControl, a novel multi-agent framework that automates controller…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-25 Mohammad Narimani , Seyyed Ali Emami

The balancing process for game levels in competitive two-player contexts involves a lot of manual work and testing, particularly for non-symmetrical game levels. In this work, we frame game balancing as a procedural content generation task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Florian Rupp , Manuel Eberhardinger , Kai Eckert

Automated game balancing has often focused on single-agent scenarios. In this paper we present a tool for balancing multi-player games during game design. Our approach requires a designer to construct an intuitive graphical representation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Daniel Hernandez , Charles Takashi Toyin Gbadamosi , James Goodman , James Alfred Walker

Game balancing is an important part of the (computer) game design process, in which designers adapt a game prototype so that the resulting gameplay is as entertaining as possible. In industry, the evaluation of a game is often based on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-03-15 Vanessa Volz , Günter Rudolph , Boris Naujoks

It has been established in recent work that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be prompted to "self-play" conversational games that probe certain capabilities (general instruction following, strategic goal orientation, language understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Anne Beyer , Kranti Chalamalasetti , Sherzod Hakimov , Brielen Madureira , Philipp Sadler , David Schlangen

Generative artificial intelligence (Generative AI), and in particular Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant popularity among researchers and industrial communities, paving the way for integrating LLMs in different domains,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Alonso Silva

In this paper, we explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) Agents in playing the strategic social deduction game, Resistance Avalon. Players in Avalon are challenged not only to make informed decisions based on dynamically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Jonathan Light , Min Cai , Sheng Shen , Ziniu Hu

In multi-agent tasks, the central challenge lies in the dynamic adaptation of strategies. However, directly conditioning on opponents' strategies is intractable in the prevalent deep reinforcement learning paradigm due to a fundamental…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Yue Lin , Shuhui Zhu , Wenhao Li , Ang Li , Dan Qiao , Pascal Poupart , Hongyuan Zha , Baoxiang Wang

Optimizing numerical systems and mechanism design is crucial for enhancing player experience in Massively Multiplayer Online (MMO) games. Traditional optimization approaches rely on large-scale online experiments or parameter tuning over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Ran Zhang , Kun Ouyang , Tiancheng Ma , Yida Yang , Dong Fang

Multi-agents has exhibited significant intelligence in real-word simulations with Large language models (LLMs) due to the capabilities of social cognition and knowledge retrieval. However, existing research on agents equipped with effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yajie Yu , Yue Feng

We introduce AgenticSimLaw, a role-structured, multi-agent debate framework that provides transparent and controllable test-time reasoning for high-stakes tabular decision-making tasks. Unlike black-box approaches, our courtroom-style…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jon Chun , Kathrine Elkins , Yong Suk Lee

A natural goal in multiagent learning besides finding equilibria is to learn rationalizable behavior, where players learn to avoid iteratively dominated actions. However, even in the basic setting of multiplayer general-sum games, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Yuanhao Wang , Dingwen Kong , Yu Bai , Chi Jin

Recently, skills have been widely adopted in large language model (LLM)-based agent systems across various domains. In existing frameworks, skills are typically injected into the agent reasoning loop as contextual guidance once matched to a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Duling Xu , Zheng Chen , Zaifeng Pan , Jiawei Guan , Dong Dong , Jialin Li , Bangzheng Pu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise as decision-makers in dynamic settings, but their stateless nature necessitates creating a natural language representation of history. We present a unifying framework for systematically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Lyle Goodyear , Rachel Guo , Ramesh Johari

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential as autonomous agents across various tasks. One emerging application is the use of LLMs in playing games. In this work, we explore a practical problem for the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Chang Xiao , Brenda Z. Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities as autonomous agents, yet existing benchmarks either focus on single-agent tasks or are confined to narrow domains, failing to capture the dynamics of multi-agent coordination…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Kunlun Zhu , Hongyi Du , Zhaochen Hong , Xiaocheng Yang , Shuyi Guo , Zhe Wang , Zhenhailong Wang , Cheng Qian , Xiangru Tang , Heng Ji , Jiaxuan You