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Multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) is a statistical technique that uses sets of genetic instruments to estimate the direct causal effects of multiple exposures on an outcome of interest. At genomic loci with pleiotropic gene…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-23 Mariyam Khan , Adriaan-Alexander Ludl , Sean Bankier , Johan Bjorkegren , Tom Michoel

The cluster dose concept offers an alternative to the radiobiological effectiveness (RBE)-based model for describing radiation-induced biological effects. This study examines the application of a neural network to predict cluster dose…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Miriam Schwarze , Hui Khee Looe , Björn Poppe , Leo Thomas , Hans Rabus

We have applied a little-known data transformation to subsets of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) publically available data of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to make it suitable input to standard machine learning…

Applications · Statistics 2016-06-24 David Dooling , Angela Kim , Barbara McAneny , Jennifer Webster

In this paper, we propose the use of causal inference techniques for survival function estimation and prediction for subgroups of the data, upto individual units. Tree ensemble methods, specifically random forests were modified for this…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-03-23 Vikas Ramachandra

Nonlinear causal discovery from observational data imposes strict identifiability assumptions on the formulation of structural equations utilized in the data generating process. The evaluation of structure learning methods under assumption…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-17 Georg Velev , Stefan Lessmann

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) directly collected from cancer patients being treated with radiation therapy play a vital role in assisting clinicians in counseling patients regarding likely toxicities. Precise prediction and evaluation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Yang Yan , Zhong Chen , Cai Xu , Xinglei Shen , Jay Shiao , John Einck , Ronald C Chen , Hao Gao

Multimodal imaging has transformed neuroscience research. While it presents unprecedented opportunities, it also imposes serious challenges. Particularly, it is difficult to combine the merits of the interpretability attributed to a simple…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-25 Xiaowu Dai , Lexin Li

Many statistical machine approaches could ultimately highlight novel features of the etiology of complex diseases by analyzing multi-omics data. However, they are sensitive to some deviations in distribution when the observed samples are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-14 Md Ashad Alam , Hui Shen , Hong-Wen Deng

Causal treatment effect estimation is a key problem that arises in a variety of real-world settings, from personalized medicine to governmental policy making. There has been a flurry of recent work in machine learning on estimating causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Niki Kilbertus , Matt J. Kusner , Ricardo Silva

Missing exposure information is a very common feature of many observational studies. Here we study identifiability and efficient estimation of causal effects on vector outcomes, in such cases where treatment is unconfounded but partially…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-04 Edward H. Kennedy

Traditionally, medical discoveries are made by observing associations and then designing experiments to test these hypotheses. However, observing and quantifying associations in images can be difficult because of the wide variety of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Ryan Poplin , Avinash V. Varadarajan , Katy Blumer , Yun Liu , Michael V. McConnell , Greg S. Corrado , Lily Peng , Dale R. Webster

This paper presents a novel nonlinear regression model for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects from observational data, geared specifically towards situations with small effect sizes, heterogeneous effects, and strong confounding.…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-14 P. Richard Hahn , Jared S. Murray , Carlos Carvalho

Objectives: Metabolic Bariatric Surgery (MBS) is a critical intervention for patients living with obesity and related health issues. Accurate classification and prediction of patient outcomes are vital for optimizing treatment strategies.…

Age prediction using brain imaging, such as MRIs, has achieved promising results, with several studies identifying the model's residual as a potential biomarker for chronic disease states. In this study, we developed a brain age predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Shahrzad Jamshidi , Arthur Bousquet , Sugata Banerji , Mark F. Conneely , Bita Aslrousta

There is a considerable debate between research groups applying the two stage clonal expansion model for lung cancer risk estimation, whether radon exposure affects initiation and transformation or promotion. The objective of the present…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2014-04-23 Balázs G. Madas , Katalin Varga

This study investigates the application of quantum neural networks (QNNs) for propensity score estimation to address selection bias in comparing survival outcomes between laparoscopic and open surgical techniques in a cohort of 1177…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Vojtěch Novák , Ivan Zelinka , Lenka Přibylová , Lubomír Martínek

Accurate survival prediction is crucial for development of precision cancer medicine, creating the need for new sources of prognostic information. Recently, there has been significant interest in exploiting routinely collected clinical and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Sejin Kim , Michal Kazmierski , Benjamin Haibe-Kains

Contouring of the target volume and Organs-At-Risk (OARs) is a crucial step in radiotherapy treatment planning. In an adaptive radiotherapy setting, updated contours need to be generated based on daily imaging. In this work, we leverage…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-19 Mohamed S. Elmahdy , Tanuj Ahuja , U. A. van der Heide , Marius Staring

Causal inference has numerous real-world applications in many domains, such as health care, marketing, political science, and online advertising. Treatment effect estimation, a fundamental problem in causal inference, has been extensively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Zhixuan Chu , Jianmin Huang , Ruopeng Li , Wei Chu , Sheng Li

Prevalent in biomedical applications (e.g., human phenotype research), multimodal datasets can provide valuable insights into the underlying physiological mechanisms. However, current machine learning (ML) models designed to analyze these…