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Self-speculative decoding is an inference technique for large language models designed to speed up generation without sacrificing output quality. It combines fast, approximate decoding using a compact version of the model as a draft model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Walaa Amer , Uday das , Fadi Kurdahi

Inference from large autoregressive models like Transformers is slow - decoding K tokens takes K serial runs of the model. In this work we introduce speculative decoding - an algorithm to sample from autoregressive models faster without any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Yaniv Leviathan , Matan Kalman , Yossi Matias

Contrastive image-text models such as CLIP form the building blocks of many state-of-the-art systems. While they excel at recognizing common generic concepts, they still struggle on fine-grained entities which are rare, or even absent from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Ahmet Iscen , Mathilde Caron , Alireza Fathi , Cordelia Schmid

Speculative decoding has proven to be an efficient solution to large language model (LLM) inference, where the small drafter predicts future tokens at a low cost, and the target model is leveraged to verify them in parallel. However, most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zilin Xiao , Hongming Zhang , Tao Ge , Siru Ouyang , Vicente Ordonez , Dong Yu

Autoregressive (AR) generation is the standard decoding paradigm for Large Language Models (LLMs), but its token-by-token nature limits parallelism at inference time. Diffusion Language Models (DLLMs) offer parallel decoding by recovering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Aiwei Liu , Minghua He , Shaoxun Zeng , Sijun Zhang , Linhao Zhang , Chuhan Wu , Wei Jia , Yuan Liu , Xiao Zhou , Jie Zhou

Recent state-of-the-art Learned Image Compression methods feature spatial context models, achieving great rate-distortion improvements over hyperprior methods. However, the autoregressive context model requires serial decoding, limiting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Fangzheng Lin , Heming Sun , Jinming Liu , Jiro Katto

While Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) are theoretically well-suited for iterative refinement due to their non-causal structure, they often fail to reliably revise incorrect tokens in practice. The key challenge lies in the model's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Shuibai Zhang , Fred Zhangzhi Peng , Yiheng Zhang , Jin Pan , Grigorios G. Chrysos

Diffusion Transformers require repeated denoiser evaluations during iterative sampling, making inference computationally expensive. Cache-based acceleration reduces this cost by reusing intermediate representations across denoising steps,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Mingyu Liang , Dingkun Xu , Jingwei Xu

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning improves multi-step mathematical problem solving in large language models but remains vulnerable to exposure bias and error accumulation, as early mistakes propagate irreversibly through autoregressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Shidong Cao , Hongzhan Lin , Yuxuan Gu , Ziyang Luo , Jing Ma

Autoregressive decoding of large language models (LLMs) is memory bandwidth bounded, resulting in high latency and significant wastes of the parallel processing power of modern accelerators. Existing methods for accelerating LLM decoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yichao Fu , Peter Bailis , Ion Stoica , Hao Zhang

Most large language models are autoregressive: they generate tokens one at a time. Discrete diffusion language models can generate multiple tokens in parallel, but sampling from them requires a denoising order: a strategy for deciding which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Daniel Israel , Tian Jin , Ellie Cheng , Guy Van den Broeck , Aditya Grover , Suvinay Subramanian , Michael Carbin

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) present a promising non-sequential paradigm for text generation, distinct from standard autoregressive (AR) approaches. However, current decoding strategies often adopt a reactive stance, underutilizing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Miao Li , Hanyang Jiang , Sikai Cheng , Hengyu Fu , Yuhang Cai , Baihe Huang , Tinghan Ye , Xuanzhou Chen , Pascal Van Hentenryck

This work aims to improve the efficiency of text-to-image diffusion models. While diffusion models use computationally expensive UNet-based denoising operations in every generation step, we identify that not all operations are equally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Amirhossein Habibian , Amir Ghodrati , Noor Fathima , Guillaume Sautiere , Risheek Garrepalli , Fatih Porikli , Jens Petersen

Image tokenization plays a central role in modern generative modeling by mapping visual inputs into compact representations that serve as an intermediate signal between pixels and generative models. Diffusion-based decoders have recently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Chuhan Wang , Hao Chen

Diffusion-based multimodal large language models (dMLLMs) decode by iteratively predicting tokens at multiple masked positions in parallel. This turns each decoding step into a position-selection problem: the model must choose not only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yulin Yuan , Hongshuo Zhao , Xiangming Meng

Speculative decoding has emerged as a promising technique for large language model (LLM) inference by accelerating autoregressive decoding via draft-then-verify. This paper studies a new edge scenario with multi-user inference, where draft…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yaodan Xu , Sheng Zhou , Zhisheng Niu

As large language models (LLMs) scale up, accuracy improves, but the autoregressive (AR) nature of decoding increases latency since each token requires a serial forward pass. Speculative decoding addresses this by employing a fast drafter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Guanghao Li , Zhihui Fu , Min Fang , Qibin Zhao , Ming Tang , Chun Yuan , Jun Wang

Large-scale quantum computers have the potential to hold computational capabilities beyond conventional computers for certain problems. However, the physical qubits within a quantum computer are prone to noise and decoherence, which must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-06 Luka Skoric , Dan E. Browne , Kenton M. Barnes , Neil I. Gillespie , Earl T. Campbell

Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) promise fast non-autoregressive inference but suffer a severe quality-speed trade-off in parallel decoding. This stems from the ''combinatorial contradiction'' phenomenon, where parallel tokens form…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yushi Ye , Feng Hong , Huangjie Zheng , Xu Chen , Zhiyong Chen , Yanfeng Wang , Jiangchao Yao

Speculative decoding accelerates LLM inference by drafting multiple tokens and verifying them in parallel with the target model. However, its practical speedup is constrained by the trade-off between draft quality and drafting cost:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jianuo Huang , Yaojie Zhang , Qituan Zhang , Hao Lin , Hanlin Xu , Linfeng Zhang