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Transformers, driven by attention mechanisms, form the foundation of large language models (LLMs). As these models scale up, efficient GPU attention kernels become essential for high-throughput and low-latency inference. Diverse LLM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zihao Ye , Lequn Chen , Ruihang Lai , Wuwei Lin , Yineng Zhang , Stephanie Wang , Tianqi Chen , Baris Kasikci , Vinod Grover , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Luis Ceze

Efficiently harnessing GPU compute is critical to improving user experience and reducing operational costs in large language model (LLM) services. However, current inference engine schedulers overlook the attention backend's sensitivity to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yitao Yuan , Chenqi Zhao , Bohan Zhao , Zane Cao , Yongchao He , Wenfei Wu

The widespread of Large Language Models (LLMs) marks a significant milestone in generative AI. Nevertheless, the increasing context length and batch size in offline LLM inference escalate the memory requirement of the key-value (KV) cache,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Xiurui Pan , Endian Li , Qiao Li , Shengwen Liang , Yizhou Shan , Ke Zhou , Yingwei Luo , Xiaolin Wang , Jie Zhang

The computational difficulties of large language model (LLM) inference remain a significant obstacle to their widespread deployment. The need for many applications to support long input sequences and process them in large batches typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Luka Ribar , Ivan Chelombiev , Luke Hudlass-Galley , Charlie Blake , Carlo Luschi , Douglas Orr

Recent large language models (LLMs) are rapidly extending their context windows, yet inference throughput lags due to increasing GPU memory and bandwidth demands. This is because the key-value (KV) cache, an intermediate structure storing…

Large language model (LLM) inference often suffers from high latency, particularly in resource-constrained environments such as on-device or edge deployments. To address this challenge, we present StorInfer, a novel storage-assisted LLM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jay H. Park , Youngju Cho , Choungsol Lee , Moonwook Oh , Euiseong Seo

Inference of Large Language Models (LLMs) across computer clusters has become a focal point of research in recent times, with many acceleration techniques taking inspiration from CPU speculative execution. These techniques reduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Branden Butler , Sixing Yu , Arya Mazaheri , Ali Jannesari

Transformers and large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized machine learning, with attention mechanisms at the core of their success. As the landscape of attention variants expands, so too do the challenges of optimizing their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Feiyang Chen , Yu Cheng , Lei Wang , Yuqing Xia , Ziming Miao , Lingxiao Ma , Fan Yang , Jilong Xue , Zhi Yang , Mao Yang , Haibo Chen

Recent breakthroughs in Large-scale language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on various tasks. The immense sizes of LLMs have led to very high resource demand and cost for running the models. Though the models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Juntao Zhao , Borui Wan , Yanghua Peng , Haibin Lin , Chuan Wu

Each request in LLM inference goes through two phases: compute-bound prefill and memory-bandwidth-bound decode. To improve GPU utilization, recent systems use hybrid batching that combines the prefill and decode phases of different requests…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Aditya K Kamath , Ramya Prabhu , Jayashree Mohan , Simon Peter , Ramachandran Ramjee , Ashish Panwar

Large language model (LLM) inference is limited by high computational cost and memory bandwidth demands, making deployment on heterogeneous many-core processors challenging. Taking the MT-3000 processor used in the Tianhe supercomputer as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yao Lu , Zhongzhi Luan , Gen Li , Jiaxing Qi , Shiqing Ma , Bin Han , Shizhe Shang , Hailong Yang , Depei Qian

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming critical infrastructure for enterprise applications, driving unprecedented demand for GPU-based inference services. A key operational challenge arises from the two-phase nature of LLM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ruihan Lin , Zezhen Ding , Zean Han , Jiheng Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) encounter severe memory inefficiencies during long-context inference due to conventional handling of key-value (KV) caches. In this work, we introduce a novel integration of PagedAttention with PyTorch's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Thomas Joshi , Herman Saini , Neil Dhillon , Antoni Viros i Martin , Kaoutar El Maghraoui

As large language models (LLMs) grow in popularity for their diverse capabilities, improving the efficiency of their inference systems has become increasingly critical. Batching LLM requests is a critical step in scheduling the inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Ozgur Guldogan , Jackson Kunde , Kangwook Lee , Ramtin Pedarsani

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular in various areas, traditional business gradually shifting from rule-based systems to LLM-based solutions. However, the inference of LLMs is resource-intensive or…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Wanyi Zheng , Minxian Xu , Shengye Song , Kejiang Ye

In long-context large language model (LLM) inference, the prefill stage dominates computation due to self-attention over the complete input context. Sparse attention significantly reduces self-attention computation by limiting each token's…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Rakshith Jayanth , Viktor Prasanna

LLM serving is increasingly dominated by decode attention, which is a memory-bound operation due to massive KV cache loading from global memory. Meanwhile, real-world workloads exhibit substantial, hierarchical shared prefixes across…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jinjun Yi , Zhixin Zhao , Yitao Hu , Ke Yan , Weiwei Sun , Hao Wang , Laiping Zhao , Yuhao Zhang , Wenxin Li , Keqiu Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate substantial potential across a diverse array of domains via request serving. However, as trends continue to push for expanding context sizes, the autoregressive nature of LLMs results in highly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Bin Lin , Chen Zhang , Tao Peng , Hanyu Zhao , Wencong Xiao , Minmin Sun , Anmin Liu , Zhipeng Zhang , Lanbo Li , Xiafei Qiu , Shen Li , Zhigang Ji , Tao Xie , Yong Li , Wei Lin

Large language models (LLMs) power a new generation of interactive AI applications exemplified by ChatGPT. The interactive nature of these applications demands low latency for LLM inference. Existing LLM serving systems use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Bingyang Wu , Yinmin Zhong , Zili Zhang , Shengyu Liu , Fangyue Liu , Yuanhang Sun , Gang Huang , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

Large Language Models drive a wide range of modern AI applications but impose substantial challenges on large-scale serving systems due to intensive computation, strict latency constraints, and throughput bottlenecks. We introduce…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jun Wang , Yunxiang Yao , Wenwei Kuang , Runze Mao , Zhenhao Sun , Zhuang Tao , Ziyang Zhang , Dengyu Li , Jiajun Chen , Zhili Wang , Kai Cui , Congzhi Cai , Longwen Lan , Ken Zhang
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