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JWST observations have revealed a population of high-redshift "little red dots" (LRDs) that challenge conventional AGN models. We report the discovery of three local LRDs at $z = 0.1$-$0.2$, initially selected from the SDSS database, with…

JWST has revealed a ubiquitous population of ``little red dots'' (LRDs) at $z\gtrsim4$, selected via their red rest-frame optical emission and compact morphologies. They are thought to be reddened by dust, whether in tori of active galactic…

JWST has revealed a population of compact `Little Red Dots' (LRDs) at $z\gtrsim4$, with red rest-frame optical and blue UV colors. These objects are likely compact dusty starbursts or heavily reddened AGNs, playing a pivotal role in early…

The physical origin of Little Red Dots (LRDs)--compact extragalactic sources with red rest-optical continua and broad Balmer lines--remains elusive. The redness of LRDs is likely intrinsic, suggesting optically thick gas emitting at a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-29 Hanpu Liu , Yan-Fei Jiang , Eliot Quataert , Jenny E. Greene , Yilun Ma

Little Red Dots (LRDs), among the most enigmatic high-redshift discoveries by JWST, are commonly believed to be powered by accreting supermassive black holes. Here, we explore the possibility that these sources are globular clusters in…

JWST has revealed a substantial population of "Little Red Dots" (LRDs) at $z>4$, challenging conventional AGN frameworks. However, the low-redshift regime remains largely unexplored. In the second paper of the (LRDs)$^2$ series, we present…

The JWST discovery of ``little red dots'' (LRDs) is reshaping our picture of the early Universe, yet the physical mechanisms driving their compact size and UV-optical colors remain elusive. Here we report an unusually bright LRD ($z=3.1$)…

Little red dots (LRDs) are a population of red, compact objects discovered by JWST at $z>4$. At $4<z<8$, they are roughly 100 times more abundant than UV-selected quasars. However, their number density is uncertain at $z<4$ due to the small…

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations have revolutionized extragalactic research, particularly with the discovery of little red dots (LRD), which we propose are dust-reddened broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Their…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-06 Zhengrong Li , Kohei Inayoshi , Kejian Chen , Kohei Ichikawa , Luis C. Ho

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed a new class of high-redshift, very red, compact broad-line sources, termed as "little red dots" (LRDs). The physical mechanism driving these properties remains elusive. We construct spectral…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-15 Chenxuan Zhang , Qingwen Wu , Xiao Fan , Luis C. Ho , Jiancheng Wu , Huanian Zhang , Bing Lyu , Xinwu Cao , Jianmin Wang

The discovery by JWST of a substantial population of compact "Little Red Dots" (LRDs) presents a major puzzle: their observed spectra defy standard astrophysical interpretations. Here, we show that LRD spectra are naturally reproduced by…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-22 Fabio Pacucci , Andrea Ferrara , Dale D. Kocevski

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered a new population of compact objects that show a unique V-shaped spectral energy distribution (SED) in the UV and optical wavelength range. These so-called "little red dots" (LRDs) often…

Recent studies at high redshift have revealed an enigmatic class of Little Red Dots (LRDs) with extreme Balmer breaks, stronger than in any stellar atmosphere. However, it is unclear whether such objects exist at lower redshift, especially…

Recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope have uncovered a population of compact, red object ($z\sim 4\text{--}7$) known as little red dots (LRDs). The presence of broad Balmer emission lines indicates active galactic nuclei…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-03 Daisaburo Kido , Kunihito Ioka , Kenta Hotokezaka , Kohei Inayoshi , Christopher M. Irwin

One of the most surprising results of early James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations is the discovery of an abundance of red, compact, broad-line objects dubbed "little red dots" (LRDs) at $z>4$. Their spatial density…

Little Red Dots (LRDs) are enigmatic, compact, red galaxies at high redshift, $z\sim 4$-$7$, discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope. Broad emission lines in the absence of X-ray and radio counterparts suggest that they host accreting…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-29 Riku Kuze , Kunihito Ioka , Kohta Murase , Shigeo S. Kimura , Kohei Inayoshi

Little red dots (LRDs), high-redshift, compact, red objects with V-shaped spectra, are one of the most exciting and perplexing discoveries made by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). While the simplest explanation for LRDs is that they…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-05 Amy Secunda , Rachel S. Somerville , Yan-Fei Jiang , Jenny E. Greene , Lukas J. Furtak , Adi Zitrin

The structures of the outer atmospheres of red giants are very complex. The notion of large optically thick molecular spheres around the stars (MOLspheres) has been invoked in order to explain e.g. spectro-interferometric observations.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-12-10 N. Ryde , J. Lambert , M. Farzone , M. J. Richter , E. Josselin , G. M. Harper , K. Eriksson , T. K. Greathouse

Little Red Dots (LRDs) challenge conventional models of active galactic nuclei. At rest-optical-to-near-infrared (IR) wavelengths, these compact extragalactic objects show blackbody-like continuum emission and spectral features reminiscent…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-04 Hanpu Liu , Yan-Fei Jiang , Eliot Quataert , Jenny E. Greene , Yilun Ma , Xiaojing Lin
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