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Fact checking by professionals is viewed as a vital defense in the fight against misinformation.While fact checking is important and its impact has been significant, fact checks could have limited visibility and may not reach the intended…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Nicholas Micallef , Bing He , Srijan Kumar , Mustaque Ahamad , Nasir Memon

Today, social media platforms are significant sources of news and political communication, but their role in spreading misinformation has raised significant concerns. In response, these platforms have implemented various content moderation…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Saeedeh Mohammadi , Taha Yasseri

Social media platforms increasingly rely on crowdsourced moderation systems like Community Notes to combat misinformation at scale. However, these systems face challenges from rater bias and potential manipulation, which may undermine their…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Bao Tran Truong , Siqi Wu , Alessandro Flammini , Filippo Menczer , Alexander J. Stewart

Technological progress has led to concrete advancements in tasks that were regarded as challenging, such as automatic fact-checking. Interest in adopting these systems for public health and medicine has grown due to the high-stakes nature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Sebastian Joseph , Lily Chen , Barry Wei , Michael Mackert , Iain J. Marshall , Paul Pu Liang , Ramez Kouzy , Byron C. Wallace , Junyi Jessy Li

Fact checking is an essential task in journalism; its importance has been highlighted due to recently increased concerns and efforts in combating misinformation. In this paper, we present an automated fact-checking platform which given a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Sebastião Miranda , David Nogueira , Afonso Mendes , Andreas Vlachos , Andrew Secker , Rebecca Garrett , Jeff Mitchel , Zita Marinho

Fact-checking-specific search tools such as Google Fact Check are a promising way to combat misinformation on social media, especially during events bringing significant social influence, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the U.S.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Qiangeng Yang , Tess Christensen , Shlok Gilda , Juliana Fernandes , Daniela Oliveira , Ronald Wilson , Damon Woodard

The recent explosion of false claims in social media and on the Web in general has given rise to a lot of manual fact-checking initiatives. Unfortunately, the number of claims that need to be fact-checked is several orders of magnitude…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Dimitrina Zlatkova , Preslav Nakov , Ivan Koychev

Community Notes have emerged as an effective crowd-sourced mechanism for combating online deception on social media platforms. However, its reliance on human contributors limits both the timeliness and scalability. In this work, we study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Jin Ma , Jingwen Yan , Mohammed Aldeen , Ethan Anderson , Taran Kavuru , Jinkyung Katie Park , Feng Luo , Long Cheng

Social media feeds have become central to the Internet. Among the most visible are trending feeds, which rank content deemed timely and relevant. To examine how feed signals influence behaviors and perceptions, we conducted a randomized…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jackie Chan , Fred Choi , Koustuv Saha , Eshwar Chandrasekharan

We present a study on predicting the factuality of reporting and bias of news media. While previous work has focused on studying the veracity of claims or documents, here we are interested in characterizing entire news media. These are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-10-04 Ramy Baly , Georgi Karadzhov , Dimitar Alexandrov , James Glass , Preslav Nakov

Political elites play an important role in the proliferation of online misinformation. However, an understanding of how fact-checking platforms pick up politicized misinformation for fact-checking is still in its infancy. Here, we conduct…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Yuwei Chuai , Jichang Zhao , Nicolas Pröllochs , Gabriele Lenzini

This study presents the first large-scale quantitative analysis of the efficiency of X's Community Notes, a crowdsourced moderation system for identifying and contextualising potentially misleading content. Drawing on over 1.8 million…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Olesya Razuvayevskaya , Adel Tayebi , Ulrikke Dybdal Sørensen , Kalina Bontcheva , Richard Rogers

In fighting against fake news, many fact-checking systems comprised of human-based fact-checking sites (e.g., snopes.com and politifact.com) and automatic detection systems have been developed in recent years. However, online users still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Nguyen Vo , Kyumin Lee

This paper models voters who invest effort to determine whether a particular claim relevant to their voting choices is correct. If a voter succeeds in determining whether the claim is correct, this information is shared via a social…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-09-22 Boris Ginzburg

The profusion of user generated content caused by the rise of social media platforms has enabled a surge in research relating to fields such as information retrieval, recommender systems, data mining and machine learning. However, the lack…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Nuno Moniz , Luís Torgo

This study presents the first large-scale comparison of persuasion techniques present in crowd- versus professionally-written debunks. Using extensive datasets from Community Notes (CNs), EUvsDisinfo, and the Database of Known Fakes (DBKF),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Olesya Razuvayevskaya , Kalina Bontcheva

Fact checking at scale is difficult -- while the number of active fact checking websites is growing, it remains too small for the needs of the contemporary media ecosystem. However, despite good intentions, contributions from volunteers are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Angela Fan , Aleksandra Piktus , Fabio Petroni , Guillaume Wenzek , Marzieh Saeidi , Andreas Vlachos , Antoine Bordes , Sebastian Riedel

Social media platforms are increasingly adopting features that display crowdsourced context alongside posts, a technique pioneered by X's Community Notes. These systems -- which we term Crowdsourced Context Systems (CCS) -- have the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Travis Lloyd , Tung Nguyen , Karen Levy , Mor Naaman

We propose a novel framework for predicting the factuality of reporting of news media outlets by studying the user attention cycles in their YouTube channels. In particular, we design a rich set of features derived from the temporal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Krasimira Bozhanova , Yoan Dinkov , Ivan Koychev , Maria Castaldo , Tommaso Venturini , Preslav Nakov

False medical information on social media poses harm to people's health. While the need for biomedical fact-checking has been recognized in recent years, user-generated medical content has received comparably little attention. At the same…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Amelie Wührl , Roman Klinger