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Dimensionality reduction algorithms like principal component analysis (PCA) are workhorses of machine learning and neuroscience, but each has well-known limitations. Variants of PCA are simple and interpretable, but not flexible enough to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 John J. Vastola , Samuel J. Gershman , Kanaka Rajan

Dimensionality reduction is a fundamental task that aims to simplify complex data by reducing its feature dimensionality while preserving essential patterns, with core applications in data analysis and visualisation. To preserve the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Thomas Dagès , Simon Weber , Ya-Wei Eileen Lin , Ronen Talmon , Daniel Cremers , Michael Lindenbaum , Alfred M. Bruckstein , Ron Kimmel

We propose a novel method of finding principal components in multivariate data sets that lie on an embedded nonlinear Riemannian manifold within a higher-dimensional space. Our aim is to extend the geometric interpretation of PCA, while…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-05 Zhigang Yao , Benjamin Eltzner , Tung Pham

Analyzing high-dimensional data presents challenges due to the "curse of dimensionality'', making computations intensive. Dimension reduction techniques, categorized as linear or non-linear, simplify such data. Non-linear methods are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-15 Praveen T. W. Hettige , Benjamin W. Ong

Dimensionality reduction (DR) is an important technique for data exploration and knowledge discovery. However, most of the main DR methods are either linear (e.g., PCA), do not provide an explicit mapping between the original data and its…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Thomas Uriot , Marco Virgolin , Tanja Alderliesten , Peter Bosman

Non-Euclidean constraints are inherent in many kinds of data in computer vision and machine learning, typically as a result of specific invariance requirements that need to be respected during high-level inference. Often, these geometric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-09-26 Suhas Lohit , Pavan Turaga

Euclidean representations distort data with intrinsic non-Euclidean structure. While Riemannian representation learning offers a solution by embedding data onto matching manifolds, it typically relies on an encoder to estimate densities on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Andreas Bjerregaard , Søren Hauberg , Anders Krogh

A common belief in high-dimensional data analysis is that data are concentrated on a low-dimensional manifold. This motivates simultaneous dimension reduction and regression on manifolds. We provide an algorithm for learning gradients on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-02-24 Sayan Mukherjee , Qiang Wu , Ding-Xuan Zhou

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a workhorse of modern data science. While PCA assumes the data conforms to Euclidean geometry, for specific data types, such as hierarchical and cyclic data structures, other spaces are more…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-11 Puoya Tabaghi , Michael Khanzadeh , Yusu Wang , Sivash Mirarab

We propose a novel algorithm for supervised dimensionality reduction named Manifold Partition Discriminant Analysis (MPDA). It aims to find a linear embedding space where the within-class similarity is achieved along the direction that is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Yang Zhou , Shiliang Sun

Similarity measures are widely used to interpret the representational geometries used by neural networks to solve tasks. Yet, because existing methods compare the extrinsic geometry of representations in state space, rather than their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 N Alex Cayco-Gajic , Arthur Pellegrino

In this paper we demonstrate how sub-Riemannian geometry can be used for manifold learning and surface reconstruction by combining local linear approximations of a point cloud to obtain lower dimensional bundles. Local approximations…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-07 Morten Akhøj , James Benn , Erlend Grong , Stefan Sommer , Xavier Pennec

Deep generative models learn a mapping from a low dimensional latent space to a high-dimensional data space. Under certain regularity conditions, these models parameterize nonlinear manifolds in the data space. In this paper, we investigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Hang Shao , Abhishek Kumar , P. Thomas Fletcher

We study adaptive data-dependent dimensionality reduction in the context of supervised learning in general metric spaces. Our main statistical contribution is a generalization bound for Lipschitz functions in metric spaces that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-26 Lee-Ad Gottlieb , Aryeh Kontorovich , Robert Krauthgamer

This paper presents a new framework for manifold learning based on a sequence of principal polynomials that capture the possibly nonlinear nature of the data. The proposed Principal Polynomial Analysis (PPA) generalizes PCA by modeling the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-02-02 Valero Laparra , Sandra Jiménez , Devis Tuia , Gustau Camps-Valls , Jesús Malo

In image set classification, a considerable progress has been made by representing original image sets on Grassmann manifolds. In order to extend the advantages of the Euclidean based dimensionality reduction methods to the Grassmann…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Rui Wang , Xiao-Jun Wu , Kai-Xuan Chen , Josef Kittler

Although Deep Learning (DL) has achieved success in complex Artificial Intelligence (AI) tasks, it suffers from various notorious problems (e.g., feature redundancy, and vanishing or exploding gradients), since updating parameters in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Yanhong Fei , Xian Wei , Yingjie Liu , Zhengyu Li , Mingsong Chen

Graphs are ubiquitous, and learning on graphs has become a cornerstone in artificial intelligence and data mining communities. Unlike pixel grids in images or sequential structures in language, graphs exhibit a typical non-Euclidean…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Li Sun , Qiqi Wan , Suyang Zhou , Zhenhao Huang , Philip S. Yu

We introduce novel estimators for computing the curvature, tangent spaces, and dimension of data from manifolds, using tools from diffusion geometry. Although classical Riemannian geometry is a rich source of inspiration for geometric data…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Iolo Jones

Decentralized optimization on Riemannian manifolds is foundational for many modern machine learning and signal processing applications in which data are non-Euclidean and generated and processed in a distributed manner. Although intrinsic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Duc Toan Nguyen , César A. Uribe