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Synchronous Reinforcement Learning (RL) post-training has emerged as a crucial step for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) with diverse capabilities. However, many systems designed to accelerate RL post-training still suffer from low…

Simulation offers a scalable and low-cost way to enrich vision-language-action (VLA) training, reducing reliance on expensive real-robot demonstrations. However, most sim-real co-training methods rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT), which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Liangzhi Shi , Shuaihang Chen , Feng Gao , Yinuo Chen , Kang Chen , Tonghe Zhang , Hongzhi Zang , Weinan Zhang , Chao Yu , Yu Wang

We propose VRL3, a powerful data-driven framework with a simple design for solving challenging visual deep reinforcement learning (DRL) tasks. We analyze a number of major obstacles in taking a data-driven approach, and present a suite of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Che Wang , Xufang Luo , Keith Ross , Dongsheng Li

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models aim to unify perception, language understanding, and action generation, offering strong cross-task and cross-scene generalization with broad impact on embodied AI. However, current VLA models often lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Angen Ye , Zeyu Zhang , Boyuan Wang , Xiaofeng Wang , Dapeng Zhang , Zheng Zhu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently shown strong potential in improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models and is now being actively extended to vision-language models (VLMs). However, existing RL applications in VLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Yan Ma , Steffi Chern , Xuyang Shen , Yiran Zhong , Pengfei Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning has shown promise for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models in robotic manipulation, but deployment-time visual shifts pose practical challenges. A key difficulty is that standard task rewards supervise…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yuanfang Peng , Jingjing Fu , Chuheng Zhang , Li Zhao , Jiang Bian , Mingyu Liu , Ling Zhang , Jun Zhang , Rui Wang

Large Vision-Language Action (VLA) models have shown significant potential for embodied AI. However, their predominant training via supervised fine-tuning (SFT) limits generalization due to susceptibility to compounding errors under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Jijia Liu , Feng Gao , Bingwen Wei , Xinlei Chen , Qingmin Liao , Yi Wu , Chao Yu , Yu Wang

Visual-Language-Action (VLA) models represent a paradigm shift in embodied AI, yet existing frameworks often struggle with imprecise spatial perception, suboptimal multimodal fusion, and instability in reinforcement learning. To bridge…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Haoxiang Jie , Yaoyuan Yan , Xiangyu Wei , Kailin Wang , Hongjie Yan , Zhiyou Heng , Daocheng Chen

The strong performance of large vision-language models (VLMs) trained with reinforcement learning (RL) has motivated similar approaches for fine-tuning vision-language-action (VLA) models in robotics. Many recent works fine-tune VLAs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Andrew Choi , Xinjie Wang , Zhizhong Su , Wei Xu

In recent years, reinforcement learning (RL)-based methods for learning driving policies have gained increasing attention in the autonomous driving community and have achieved remarkable progress in various driving scenarios. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Zilin Huang , Zihao Sheng , Yansong Qu , Junwei You , Sikai Chen

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a pivotal technology in the post-training phase of large language models (LLMs). Traditional task-colocated RL frameworks suffer from significant scalability bottlenecks, while task-separated RL…

Autonomous robotic systems, like autonomous vehicles and robotic search and rescue, require efficient on-device training for continuous adaptation of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) models in dynamic environments. This research is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Zexin Li , Aritra Samanta , Yufei Li , Andrea Soltoggio , Hyoseung Kim , Cong Liu

Generative models have made significant progress in synthesizing visual content, including images, videos, and 3D/4D structures. However, they are typically trained with surrogate objectives such as likelihood or reconstruction loss, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuanzhi Liang , Yijie Fang , Ke Hao , Rui Li , Ziqi Ni , Ruijie Su , Chi Zhang

Vision-language-action (VLA) models demonstrate strong generalization in robotic manipulation but face challenges in complex, real-world tasks. While supervised fine-tuning with demonstrations is constrained by data quality, reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Piaopiao Jin , Qi Wang , Guokang Sun , Ziwen Cai , Pinjia He , Yangwei You

Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training has proven effective at unlocking reasoning, self-reflection, and tool-use capabilities in large language models. As models extend to omni-modal inputs and agentic multi-turn workflows, RL training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Liujie Zhang , Benzhe Ning , Rui Yang , Xiaoyan Yu , Jiaxing Li , Lumeng Wu , Jia Liu , Minghao Li , Weihang Chen , Weiqi Hu , Lei Zhang

Continual Reinforcement Learning (CRL) for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models is a promising direction toward self-improving embodied agents that can adapt in openended, evolving environments. However, conventional wisdom from continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jiaheng Hu , Jay Shim , Chen Tang , Yoonchang Sung , Bo Liu , Peter Stone , Roberto Martin-Martin

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown strong performance on embodied manipulation, yet they remain brittle under visual observation changes, paraphrased language instructions, and compounded perturbations. This limitation suggests…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Jingzhou Luo , Yifan Wen , Yongjie Bai , Xinshuai Song , Yang Liu , Liang Lin

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) represent a significant frontier in embodied intelligence, aiming to bridge digital knowledge with physical-world interaction. Despite their remarkable performance, foundational VLAs are hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhaoshu Yu , Bo Wang , Pengpeng Zeng , Haonan Zhang , Ji Zhang , Zheng Wang , Lianli Gao , Jingkuan Song , Nicu Sebe , Heng Tao Shen

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as promising solutions for robotic manipulation, yet their robustness to real-world physical variations remains critically underexplored. To bridge this gap, we propose Eva-VLA, the first…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Hanqing Liu , Shouwei Ruan , Jiahuan Long , Junqi Wu , Jiacheng Hou , Huili Tang , Tingsong Jiang , Weien Zhou , Wen Yao

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become the pivotal post-training technique for large language model (LLM). Effectively scaling reinforcement learning is now the key to unlocking advanced reasoning capabilities and ensuring safe,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Zhixin Wang , Tianyi Zhou , Liming Liu , Ao Li , Jiarui Hu , Dian Yang , Yinhui Lu , Jinlong Hou , Siyuan Feng , Yuan Cheng , Yuan Qi