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The performance of state-of-the-art neural rankers can deteriorate substantially when exposed to noisy inputs or applied to a new domain. In this paper, we present a novel method for fine-tuning neural rankers that can significantly improve…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Xiaofei Ma , Cicero Nogueira dos Santos , Andrew O. Arnold

The most common reason for spinal surgery in elderly patients is lumbar spinal stenosis(LSS). For LSS, treatment decisions based on clinical and radiological information as well as personal experience of the surgeon shows large variance.…

The regulatory approval and broad clinical deployment of medical AI have been hampered by the perception that deep learning models fail in unpredictable and possibly catastrophic ways. A lack of statistically rigorous uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Charles Lu , Anastasios N. Angelopoulos , Stuart Pomerantz

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of preventable blindness, and automated fundus image grading can play an important role in large-scale screening. In this work, we investigate three CLIP-based approaches for five-class DR…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Sungjun Cho

We present a deep learning strategy that enables, for the first time, contrast-agnostic semantic segmentation of completely unpreprocessed brain MRI scans, without requiring additional training or fine-tuning for new modalities. Classical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-09 Benjamin Billot , Douglas Greve , Koen Van Leemput , Bruce Fischl , Juan Eugenio Iglesias , Adrian V. Dalca

Density ratio estimation is a core concept in statistical machine learning because it provides a unified mechanism for tasks such as importance weighting, divergence estimation, and likelihood-free inference, but its potential in vision and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Fumiya Uchiyama , Rintaro Yanagi , Shohei Taniguchi , Shota Takashiro , Masahiro Suzuki , Hirokatsu Kataoka , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

Our objective in this paper is to estimate spine curvature in DXA scans. To this end we first train a neural network to predict the middle spine curve in the scan, and then use an integral-based method to determine the curvature along the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Amir Jamaludin , Timor Kadir , Emma Clark , Andrew Zisserman

Objective: To demonstrate the effectiveness of using a deep learning-based approach for a fully automated slice-based measurement of muscle mass for assessing sarcopenia on CT scans of the abdomen without any case exclusion criteria.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-12 Fahdi Kanavati , Shah Islam , Zohaib Arain , Eric O. Aboagye , Andrea Rockall

Dense prediction tasks such as segmentation and detection of pathological entities hold crucial clinical value in computational pathology workflows. However, obtaining dense annotations on large cohorts is usually tedious and expensive.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Jingwei Zhang , Saarthak Kapse , Ke Ma , Prateek Prasanna , Maria Vakalopoulou , Joel Saltz , Dimitris Samaras

To meet the clinical demand for accurate 3D lumbar spine assessment in a weight-bearing position, this study presents a novel, fully automatic framework for high-precision 3D reconstruction from biplanar X-ray images, overcoming the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-08 Wanxin Yu , Zhemin Zhu , Cong Wang , Yihang Bao , Chunjie Xia , Rongshan Cheng , Yan Yu , Tsung-Yuan Tsai

Lesion detection from computed tomography (CT) scans is challenging compared to natural object detection because of two major reasons: small lesion size and small inter-class variation. Firstly, the lesions usually only occupy a small…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Qingyi Tao , Zongyuan Ge , Jianfei Cai , Jianxiong Yin , Simon See

Quantitative disease severity scoring in medical imaging is costly, time-consuming, and subject to inter-reader variability. At the same time, clinical archives contain far more longitudinal imaging data than expert-annotated severity…

We propose a Deep learning-based weak label learning method for analyzing whole slide images (WSIs) of Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained tumor tissue not requiring pixel-level or tile-level annotations using Self-supervised pre-training…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-29 Yoni Schirris , Efstratios Gavves , Iris Nederlof , Hugo Mark Horlings , Jonas Teuwen

Recent studies have demonstrated the superior performance of introducing ``scan-wise" contrast labels into contrastive learning for multi-organ segmentation on multi-phase computed tomography (CT). However, such scan-wise labels are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Ho Hin Lee , Yucheng Tang , Han Liu , Yubo Fan , Leon Y. Cai , Qi Yang , Xin Yu , Shunxing Bao , Yuankai Huo , Bennett A. Landman

Health professionals extensively use Two- Dimensional (2D) Ultrasound (US) videos and images to visualize and measure internal organs for various purposes including evaluation of muscle architectural changes. US images can be used to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-01 Alzayat Saleh , Issam H. Laradji , Corey Lammie , David Vazquez , Carol A Flavell , Mostafa Rahimi Azghadi

Collecting labeled data for the task of semantic segmentation is expensive and time-consuming, as it requires dense pixel-level annotations. While recent Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based semantic segmentation approaches have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Xiangyun Zhao , Raviteja Vemulapalli , Philip Mansfield , Boqing Gong , Bradley Green , Lior Shapira , Ying Wu

Contrastive learning, along with its variations, has been a highly effective self-supervised learning method across diverse domains. Contrastive learning measures the distance between representations using cosine similarity and uses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Daniel Rho , TaeSoo Kim , Sooill Park , Jaehyun Park , JaeHan Park

Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL) has emerged as a powerful tool for extracting consistent representations from graphs, independent of labeled information. However, existing methods predominantly focus on undirected graphs, disregarding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Daohan Su , Yang Zhang , Xunkai Li , Rong-Hua Li , Guoren Wang

We propose a new, two-stage approach to the vertebrae centroid detection and localization problem. The first stage detects where the vertebrae appear in the scan using 3D samples, the second identifies the specific vertebrae within that…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-15 James McCouat , Ben Glocker