English
Related papers

Related papers: Rewards as Labels: Revisiting RLVR from a Classifi…

200 papers

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong math reasoning abilities through Reinforcement Learning with *Verifiable Rewards* (RLVR), many advanced mathematical problems are proof-based, with no guaranteed way to determine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Haotong Yang , Zitong Wang , Shijia Kang , Siqi Yang , Wenkai Yu , Xu Niu , Yike Sun , Yi Hu , Zhouchen Lin , Muhan Zhang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a prevailing paradigm for enhancing reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, relying solely on outcome supervision risks reward hacking, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yukun Chen , Jiaming Li , Longze Chen , Ze Gong , Jingpeng Li , Zhen Qin , Hengyu Chang , Ancheng Xu , Zhihao Yang , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Qiang Qu , Bo Zheng , Min Yang

Recent advances in large reasoning models have leveraged reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) to improve reasoning capabilities. However, scaling these methods typically requires extensive rollout computation and large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Xinyu Tang , Zhenduo Zhang , Yurou Liu , Wayne Xin Zhao , Zujie Wen , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou

Differentiable reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks like DiffRO offer a powerful approach for controllable text-to-speech (TTS), but are vulnerable to reward hacking, particularly for nuanced tasks like emotion control. The policy model…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Cong Wang , Changfeng Gao , Yang Xiang , Zhihao Du , Keyu An , Han Zhao , Qian Chen , Xiangang Li , Yingming Gao , Ya Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a critical technique for enhancing LLM-based deep search agents. However, existing approaches primarily rely on binary outcome rewards, which fail to capture the comprehensiveness and factuality of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Jiajie Zhang , Xin Lv , Ling Feng , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) is pivotal for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of diffusion large language models (dLLMs). However, existing dLLM policy optimization methods suffer from two critical reliability bottlenecks: (1) reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Leyi Pan , Shuchang Tao , Yunpeng Zhai , Zheyu Fu , Liancheng Fang , Minghua He , Lingzhe Zhang , Zhaoyang Liu , Bolin Ding , Aiwei Liu , Lijie Wen

Using Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) to optimize Large Language Models (LLMs) can be conceptualized as progressively editing a query's `Reasoning Tree'. This process involves exploring nodes (tokens) and dynamically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hong Wang , Zhezheng Hao , Jian Luo , Chenxing Wei , Yao Shu , Lei Liu , Qiang Lin , Hande Dong , Jiawei Chen

Recent studies generally enhance MLLMs' reasoning capabilities via supervised fine-tuning on high-quality chain-of-thought reasoning data, which often leads models to merely imitate successful reasoning paths without understanding what the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jingyi Zhang , Jiaxing Huang , Huanjin Yao , Shunyu Liu , Xikun Zhang , Shijian Lu , Dacheng Tao

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated that reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) can significantly enhance reasoning abilities by directly optimizing correctness, rather than relying solely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Minbin Huang , Runhui Huang , Chuanyang Zheng , Jingyao Li , Guoxuan Chen , Han Shi , Hong Cheng

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards~(RLVR) has emerged as a powerful learn-to-reason paradigm for large reasoning models to tackle complex tasks. However, the current RLVR paradigm is still not efficient enough, as it works in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Junjie Zhang , Guozheng Ma , Shunyu Liu , Haoyu Wang , Jiaxing Huang , Ting-En Lin , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Dacheng Tao

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) enhances reasoning of Large Language Models (LLMs) but usually exhibits limited generation diversity due to the over-incentivization of positive rewards. Although methods like Negative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zihan Lin , Xiaohan Wang , Jie Cao , Jiajun Chai , Li Wang , Xiaodong Lu , Wei Lin , Ran He , Guojun Yin

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is a central paradigm for turning large language models (LLMs) into reliable problem solvers, especially in logic-heavy domains. Despite its empirical success, it remains unclear whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Mingyuan Fan , Weiguang Han , Daixin Wang , Cen Chen , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou

Large multimodal reasoning models have achieved rapid progress, but their advancement is constrained by two major limitations: the absence of open, large-scale, high-quality long chain-of-thought (CoT) data, and the instability of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Sicong Leng , Jing Wang , Jiaxi Li , Hao Zhang , Zhiqiang Hu , Boqiang Zhang , Yuming Jiang , Hang Zhang , Xin Li , Lidong Bing , Deli Zhao , Wei Lu , Yu Rong , Aixin Sun , Shijian Lu

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has substantially improved the reasoning ability of LLMs, but often depends on external supervision from human annotations or gold-standard solutions. Reinforcement learning from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Shourov Joarder , Diganta Sikdar , Ahsan Habib Akash , Binod Bhattarai , Prashnna Gyawali

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) succeeds in reasoning tasks (e.g., math and code) by checking the final verifiable answer (i.e., a verifiable dot signal). However, extending this paradigm to open-ended generation is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yuxin Jiang , Yufei Wang , Qiyuan Zhang , Xingshan Zeng , Liangyou Li , Jierun Chen , Chaofan Tao , Haoli Bai , Lifeng Shang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated remarkable success in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, recent studies question whether RL genuinely expands reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Dayu Wang , Jiaye Yang , Weikang Li , Jiahui Liang , Yang Li

Can reinforcement learning with hard, verifiable rewards teach a compact language model to reason about physics, or does it primarily learn to pattern-match toward correct answers? We study this question by training a 1.5B-parameter…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Tarjei Paule Hage , Markus J. Buehler

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been shown to substantially improve the reasoning capability of small and large language models (LLMs), but existing approaches typically rely on verifiable rewards, hence ground truth labels. We propose an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yiyang Shen , Lifu Tu , Weiran Wang

Post-training LLMs with Reinforcement Learning, specifically Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), has emerged as a paradigm for enhancing mathematical reasoning. However, standard GRPO relies on scalar correctness rewards that are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xiwen Chen , Wenhui Zhu , Peijie Qiu , Xuanzhao Dong , Hao Wang , Haiyu Wu , Huayu Li , Aristeidis Sotiras , Yalin Wang , Abolfazl Razi

The development of autonomous agents for complex, long-horizon tasks is a central goal in AI. However, dominant training paradigms face a critical limitation: reinforcement learning (RL) methods that optimize solely for final task success…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Zijing Zhang , Ziyang Chen , Mingxiao Li , Zhaopeng Tu , Xiaolong Li