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We investigate a new setting for foreign language learning, where learners infer the meaning of unfamiliar words in a multimodal context of a sentence describing a paired image. We conduct studies with human participants using different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yufei Wang , Adriana Kovashka , Loretta Fernández , Marc N. Coutanche , Seth Wiener

Multimodal sentiment analysis aims to effectively integrate information from various sources to infer sentiment, where in many cases there are no annotations for unimodal labels. Therefore, most works rely on multimodal labels for training.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Sijie Mai , Yu Zhao , Ying Zeng , Jianhua Yao , Haifeng Hu

Virtual Adversarial Training (VAT) has been effective in learning robust models under supervised and semi-supervised settings for both computer vision and NLP tasks. However, the efficacy of VAT for multilingual and multilabel text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Vikram Gupta

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is typically trained and evaluated on majority-voted labels, which simplifies benchmarking but masks subjectivity and provides little transparency into why predictions are made. This neglects valid minority…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-06 Bo-Hao Su , Hui-Ying Shih , Jinchuan Tian , Jiatong Shi , Chi-Chun Lee , Carlos Busso , Shinji Watanabe

Performance in Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) on a single language has increased greatly in the last few years thanks to the use of deep learning techniques. However, cross-lingual SER remains a challenge in real-world applications due to…

Emotion recognition is involved in several real-world applications. With an increase in available modalities, automatic understanding of emotions is being performed more accurately. The success in Multimodal Emotion Recognition (MER),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Riccardo Franceschini , Enrico Fini , Cigdem Beyan , Alessandro Conti , Federica Arrigoni , Elisa Ricci

Emotions are inherently ambiguous and dynamic phenomena, yet existing continuous emotion recognition approaches either ignore their ambiguity or treat ambiguity as an independent and static variable over time. Motivated by this gap in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Jingyao Wu , Matthew Barthet , David Melhart , Georgios N. Yannakakis

Affective Behavior Analysis is an important part in human-computer interaction. Existing multi-task affective behavior recognition methods suffer from the problem of incomplete labeled datasets. To tackle this problem, this paper presents a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Lingfeng Wang , Shisen Wang , Jin Qi , Kenji Suzuki

Emotion classification in multilingual settings remains constrained by the scarcity of annotated data: existing corpora are predominantly English, single-label, and cover few languages. We address this gap by constructing a large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Vadim Borisov

Understanding emotions in natural language is inherently a multi-dimensional reasoning problem, where multiple affective signals interact through context, interpersonal relations, and situational cues. However, most existing emotion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Hemanth Kotaprolu , Kishan Maharaj , Raey Zhao , Abhijit Mishra , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Detecting emotions expressed in text has become critical to a range of fields. In this work, we investigate ways to exploit label correlations in multi-label emotion recognition models to improve emotion detection. First, we develop two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Georgios Chochlakis , Gireesh Mahajan , Sabyasachee Baruah , Keith Burghardt , Kristina Lerman , Shrikanth Narayanan

Due to the expensive costs of collecting labels in multi-label classification datasets, partially annotated multi-label classification has become an emerging field in computer vision. One baseline approach to this task is to assume…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Youngwook Kim , Jae Myung Kim , Jieun Jeong , Cordelia Schmid , Zeynep Akata , Jungwoo Lee

Annotator disagreement in emotion classification reflects ambiguity intrinsic to emotion concepts and is essential for predictor-quality assessment in subjective NLP. Yet no prior work integrates soft-label learning with Bayesian deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Keito Inoshita , Takato Ueno

Identifying emotion from speech is a non-trivial task pertaining to the ambiguous definition of emotion itself. In this work, we adopt a feature-engineering based approach to tackle the task of speech emotion recognition. Formalizing our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Gaurav Sahu

Emotion recognition from human speech is a critical enabler for socially aware conversational AI. However, while most prior work frames emotion recognition as a categorical classification problem, real-world affective states are often…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Hong Jia , Weibin Li , Jingyao Wu , Xiaofeng Yu , Yan Gao , Jintao Cheng , Xiaoyu Tang , Feng Xia , Ting Dang

There are threefold challenges in emotion recognition. First, it is difficult to recognize human's emotional states only considering a single modality. Second, it is expensive to manually annotate the emotional data. Third, emotional data…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-08-08 Changde Du , Changying Du , Hao Wang , Jinpeng Li , Wei-Long Zheng , Bao-Liang Lu , Huiguang He

Predicting how events induce emotions in the characters of a story is typically seen as a standard multi-label classification task, which usually treats labels as anonymous classes to predict. They ignore information that may be conveyed by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Radhika Gaonkar , Heeyoung Kwon , Mohaddeseh Bastan , Niranjan Balasubramanian , Nathanael Chambers

Computer-aided diagnosis systems must make critical decisions from medical images that are often noisy, ambiguous, or conflicting, yet today's models are trained on overly simplistic labels that ignore diagnostic uncertainty. One-hot labels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Ang Nan Gu , Michael Tsang , Hooman Vaseli , Purang Abolmaesumi , Teresa Tsang

The lack of contextual information in text data can make the annotation process of text-based emotion classification datasets challenging. As a result, such datasets often contain labels that fail to consider all the relevant emotions in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Daniel Yang , Aditya Kommineni , Mohammad Alshehri , Nilamadhab Mohanty , Vedant Modi , Jonathan Gratch , Shrikanth Narayanan

Emotion and intent recognition from speech is essential and has been widely investigated in human-computer interaction. The rapid development of social media platforms, chatbots, and other technologies has led to a large volume of speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Zhao Ren , Rathi Adarshi Rammohan , Kevin Scheck , Sheng Li , Tanja Schultz