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Related papers: Thermodynamic Limits of Physical Intelligence

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We study the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of a single particle with two available energy levels, in contact with a classical (Maxwell-Boltzmann) or quantum (Bose-Einstein) heat bath. The particle can undergo transitions between the levels…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-30 Niraj Kumar , Christian Van den Broeck , Massimiliano Esposito , Katja Lindenberg

The newest and most powerful electronic chips for applications like artificial intelligence generate so much heat that liquid based cooling has become indispensable to prevent breakdown from thermal runaway effects. While cooling schemes…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Hiroki Kaifu , Sandra M. Troian

Maximum entropy has become a mainstream off-policy reinforcement learning (RL) framework for balancing exploitation and exploration. However, two bottlenecks still limit further performance improvement: (1) non-stationary Q-value estimation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Guojian Zhan , Likun Wang , Pengcheng Wang , Feihong Zhang , Jingliang Duan , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Shengbo Eben Li

Algorithmic cooling (AC) protocols have been predominantly studied for their cooling capabilities, with limited attention paid to their thermodynamic properties. This work explores a novel perspective by analyzing a broad family of AC…

The minimum heat cost of computation is subject to bounds arising from Landauer's principle. Here, I derive bounds on finite modelling -- the production or anticipation of patterns (time-series data) -- by devices that model the pattern in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-06-21 Andrew J. P. Garner

Energy costs of information processing are growing exponentially. Bit erasure is a key problem in this energy-information nexus, and a number of seminal relationships have been deduced regarding the relationship between thermodynamic costs…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-16 Songela W. Chen , David T. Limmer

Topological insulators are states of matter distinguished by the presence of symmetry protected metallic boundary states. These edge modes have been characterised in terms of transport and spectroscopic measurements, but a thermodynamic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-08-24 Anton Quelle , Emilio Cobanera , Cristiane Morais Smith

In this article we want to demonstrate that the time-scale constraints for a thermodynamic system imply the new concept of {\it equipartition of energy bound} (EEB) or, more generally, a thermodynamical bound for the {\it partition} of…

General Physics · Physics 2015-10-14 Nicolo' Masi

We use a formal correspondence between thermodynamics and inference, where the number of samples can be thought of as the inverse temperature, to study a quantity called ``learning capacity'' which is a measure of the effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Daiwei Chen , Wei-Kai Chang , Pratik Chaudhari

Performance of the existing physical layer authentication schemes could be severely affected by the imperfect estimates and variations of the communication link attributes used. The commonly adopted static hypothesis testing for physical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-08 He Fang , Xianbin Wang , Lajos Hanzo

In this paper, we consider the energy cost of communicating using molecular communication. In a simplified scenario, we show that the energy bound in Landauer's principle can be achieved, implying that molecular communication can approach…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Andrew W. Eckford , Benjamin Kuznets-Speck , Michael Hinczewski , Peter J. Thomas

Recently, new insights have been obtained by jointly studying communication and resource theory. This interplay consequently serves as a potential platform for interdisciplinary studies. To continue this line, we analyze the role of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-19 Chung-Yun Hsieh

Landauer's principle states that the erasure of one bit of information requires the free energy kT ln 2. We argue that the reliability of the bit erasure process is bounded by the accuracy inherent in the statistical state of the energy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dominik Janzing , Pawel Wocjan , Robert Zeier , Rubino Geiss , Thomas Beth

The dynamic nature of human health and comfort calls for adaptive systems that respond to individual physiological needs in real time. This paper presents an AI-enhanced digital twin framework that integrates biometric signals, specifically…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 Yiping Meng , Yiming Sun

The metabolic processes complexity is at the heart of energy conversion in living organisms and forms a huge obstacle to develop tractable thermodynamic metabolism models. By raising our analysis to a higher level of abstraction, we develop…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-06-02 C. Goupil , H. Ouerdane , E. Herbert , Y. D'Angelo , C. Goupil

We study the informational underpinnings of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, using an abstract framework, general probabilistic theories, capable of describing arbitrary physical theories. This allows one to abstract the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-25 Carlo Maria Scandolo

The vision of pervasive artificial intelligence (AI) services can be realized by training an AI model on time using real-time data collected by internet of things (IoT) devices. To this end, IoT devices require offloading their data to an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Sujin Kook , Won-Yong Shin , Seong-Lyun Kim , Seung-Woo Ko

Artificial intelligence can outperform humans in specific tasks but consumes substantial energy. How the human brain can work at just 20 watts with complex cognitive intelligence? Here we decode the fundamental information strategy unit of…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-08-06 Jinxuan Ma , Wanlin Guo

Microscopic biological systems operate far from equilibrium, are subject to strong fluctuations, and are composed of many coupled components with interactions varying in nature and strength. Researchers are actively investigating the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-12-25 Emma Lathouwers , David A. Sivak

This paper presents an analysis of the fundamental limits on energy efficiency in both digital and analog in-memory computing architectures, and compares their performance to single instruction, single data (scalar) machines specifically in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Patrick Bowen , Guy Regev , Nir Regev , Bruno Pedroni , Edward Hanson , Yiran Chen