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Indexing highly repetitive collections has become a relevant problem with the emergence of large repositories of versioned documents, among other applications. These collections may reach huge sizes, but are formed mostly of documents that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-05-25 Francisco Claude , Antonio Fariña , Miguel A. Martínez-Prieto , Gonzalo Navarro

Compressed inverted indices in use today are based on the idea of gap compression: documents pointers are stored in increasing order, and the gaps between successive document pointers are stored using suitable codes which represent smaller…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-06-20 Sebastiano Vigna

Inverted file structure is a common technique for accelerating dense retrieval. It clusters documents based on their embeddings; during searching, it probes nearby clusters w.r.t. an input query and only evaluates documents within them by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Peitian Zhang , Zheng Liu , Shitao Xiao , Zhicheng Dou , Jing Yao

Compressing images at extremely low bitrates (< 0.1 bpp) has always been a challenging task since the quality of reconstruction significantly reduces due to the strong imposed constraint on the number of bits allocated for the compressed…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-16 Suraj Kiran Raman , Aditya Ramesh , Vijayakrishna Naganoor , Shubham Dash , Giridharan Kumaravelu , Honglak Lee

Term-based sparse representations dominate the first-stage text retrieval in industrial applications, due to its advantage in efficiency, interpretability, and exact term matching. In this paper, we study the problem of transferring the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Yang Bai , Xiaoguang Li , Gang Wang , Chaoliang Zhang , Lifeng Shang , Jun Xu , Zhaowei Wang , Fangshan Wang , Qun Liu

Compressed indexing is a powerful technique that enables efficient querying over data stored in compressed form, significantly reducing memory usage and often accelerating computation. While extensive progress has been made for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Rajat De , Dominik Kempa

An indexed sequence of strings is a data structure for storing a string sequence that supports random access, searching, range counting and analytics operations, both for exact matches and prefix search. String sequences lie at the core of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-04-17 Roberto Grossi , Giuseppe Ottaviano

Learned sparse and dense representations capture different successful approaches to text retrieval and the fusion of their results has proven to be more effective and robust. Prior work combines dense and sparse retrievers by fusing their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Sheng-Chieh Lin , Jimmy Lin

Reducing energy consumption has become a pressing need for modern machine learning, which has achieved many of its most impressive results by scaling to larger and more energy-consumptive neural networks. Unfortunately, the main algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Risi Jaiswal , Supriyo Datta , Joseph G. Makin

Vision-Language Pretrained (VLP) models have achieved impressive performance on multimodal tasks, including text-image retrieval, based on dense representations. Meanwhile, Learned Sparse Retrieval (LSR) has gained traction in text-only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jonghyun Song , Youngjune Lee , Gyu-Hwung Cho , Ilhyeon Song , Saehun Kim , Yohan Jo

Dense Retrieval (DR) has achieved state-of-the-art first-stage ranking effectiveness. However, the efficiency of most existing DR models is limited by the large memory cost of storing dense vectors and the time-consuming nearest neighbor…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Jingtao Zhan , Jiaxin Mao , Yiqun Liu , Jiafeng Guo , Min Zhang , Shaoping Ma

The rise of internet has resulted in an explosion of data consisting of millions of articles, images, songs, and videos. Most of this data is high dimensional and sparse. The need to perform an efficient search for similar objects in such…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-12-20 Raghav Kulkarni , Rameshwar Pratap

Dense retrieval systems have proven to be effective across various benchmarks, but require substantial memory to store large search indices. Recent advances in embedding compression show that index sizes can be greatly reduced with minimal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-16 L. Caspari , M. Dinzinger , K. Ghosh Dastidar , C. Fellicious , J. Mitrović , M. Granitzer

In recent years, dense retrieval has been the focus of information retrieval (IR) research. While effective, dense retrieval produces uninterpretable dense vectors, and suffers from the drawback of large index size. Learned sparse retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Zhichao Xu , Aosong Feng , Yijun Tian , Haibo Ding , Lin Lee Cheong

Traditionally, sparse retrieval systems relied on lexical representations to retrieve documents, such as BM25, dominated information retrieval tasks. With the onset of pre-trained transformer models such as BERT, neural sparse retrieval has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Nandan Thakur , Kexin Wang , Iryna Gurevych , Jimmy Lin

Many early neural Information Retrieval (NeurIR) methods are re-rankers that rely on a traditional first-stage retriever due to expensive query time computations. Recently, representation-based retrievers have gained much attention, which…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Sibo Dong , Justin Goldstein , Grace Hui Yang

This paper addresses the construction of inverted index for large-scale image retrieval. The inverted index proposed by J. Sivic brings a significant acceleration by reducing distance computations with only a small fraction of the database.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Ying Wang

Dense retrieval techniques employ pre-trained large language models to build a high-dimensional representation of queries and passages. These representations compute the relevance of a passage w.r.t. to a query using efficient similarity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Franco Maria Nardini , Cosimo Rulli , Rossano Venturini

Recovery of sparse signals from compressed measurements constitutes an l0 norm minimization problem, which is unpractical to solve. A number of sparse recovery approaches have appeared in the literature, including l1 minimization…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-08-27 Nazim Burak Karahanoglu , Hakan Erdogan

Currently, progressively larger deep neural networks are trained on ever growing data corpora. As this trend is only going to increase in the future, distributed training schemes are becoming increasingly relevant. A major issue in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Felix Sattler , Simon Wiedemann , Klaus-Robert Müller , Wojciech Samek