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Current research on Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models predominantly focuses on enhancing generalization through established reasoning techniques. While effective, these improvements invariably increase computational complexity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Riccardo Andrea Izzo , Gianluca Bardaro , Matteo Matteucci

Generalizing language-conditioned robotic policies to new tasks remains a significant challenge, hampered by the lack of suitable simulation benchmarks. In this paper, we address this gap by introducing GemBench, a novel benchmark to assess…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ricardo Garcia , Shizhe Chen , Cordelia Schmid

Although Vision-Language Models (VLM) have demonstrated impressive planning and reasoning capabilities, translating these abilities into the physical world introduces significant challenges. Conventional Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Mingyu Liu , Zheng Huang , Xiaoyi Lin , Muzhi Zhu , Canyu Zhao , Zongze Du , Yating Wang , Haoyi Zhu , Hao Chen , Chunhua Shen

The remarkable advancements of vision and language foundation models in multimodal understanding, reasoning, and generation has sparked growing efforts to extend such intelligence to the physical world, fueling the flourishing of…

The rapid advancement of generative AI and multi-modal foundation models has shown significant potential in advancing robotic manipulation. Vision-language-action (VLA) models, in particular, have emerged as a promising approach for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zhijie Wang , Zhehua Zhou , Jiayang Song , Yuheng Huang , Zhan Shu , Lei Ma

State-of-the-art vision and vision-and-language models rely on large-scale visio-linguistic pretraining for obtaining good performance on a variety of downstream tasks. Generally, such models are often either cross-modal (contrastive) or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Amanpreet Singh , Ronghang Hu , Vedanuj Goswami , Guillaume Couairon , Wojciech Galuba , Marcus Rohrbach , Douwe Kiela

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are increasingly expected to not only complete robot tasks, but also follow human instructions about how those tasks should be executed. However, existing robot datasets usually pair trajectories with…

We introduce OG-VLA, a novel architecture and learning framework that combines the generalization strengths of Vision Language Action models (VLAs) with the robustness of 3D-aware policies. We address the challenge of mapping natural…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Ishika Singh , Ankit Goyal , Stan Birchfield , Dieter Fox , Animesh Garg , Valts Blukis

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models typically map visual observations and linguistic instructions directly to control signals. This "black-box" mapping forces a single forward pass to simultaneously handle instruction interpretation,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zixuan Wang , Yuxin Chen , Yuqi Liu , Jinhui Ye , Pengguang Chen , Changsheng Lu , Shu Liu , Bei Yu , Jiaya Jia

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for general-purpose robot control through natural language instructions. However, their high inference cost-stemming from large-scale token computation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xudong Tan , Yaoxin Yang , Peng Ye , Jialin Zheng , Bizhe Bai , Xinyi Wang , Jia Hao , Tao Chen

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models often suffer from performance degradation under distribution shifts, as they struggle to learn generalized behavior representations across varying environments. While existing approaches attempt to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Bing Hu , Zaijing Li , Rui Shao , Junda Chen , April Hua Liu , Wei-Shi Zheng , Liqiang Nie

We investigate the use of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with in-context learning for closed-loop task planning in instruction-following manipulation. We identify four essential requirements for successful task planning: quantity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yu-Hong Shen , Chuan-Yu Wu , Yi-Ru Yang , Yen-Ling Tai , Yi-Ting Chen

User interface (UI) design is an iterative process in which designers progressively refine their work with design software such as Figma or Sketch. Recent advances in vision language models (VLMs) with tool invocation suggest these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Daeheon Jeong , Seoyeon Byun , Kihoon Son , Dae Hyun Kim , Juho Kim

The evaluation of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) agents is hindered by the coarse, end-task success metric that fails to provide precise skill diagnosis or measure robustness to real-world perturbations. This challenge is exacerbated by a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Jierui Peng , Yanyan Zhang , Yicheng Duan , Tuo Liang , Vipin Chaudhary , Yu Yin

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show promise in embodied reasoning, yet remain far from true generalists-they often require task-specific fine-tuning, incur high compute costs, and generalize poorly to unseen tasks. We propose MetaVLA,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Chen Li , Zhantao Yang , Han Zhang , Fangyi Chen , Chenchen Zhu , Anudeepsekhar Bolimera , Marios Savvides

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models improve action generation by conditioning policies on rich vision-language information. However, current auto-regressive policies are constrained by three bottlenecks: (1) architectural bias drives models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yichi Zhang , Weihao Yuan , Yizhuo Zhang , Xidong Zhang , Jia Wan

Multi-task ``vision-language-action'' (VLA) models have recently demonstrated increasing promise as generalist foundation models for robotics, achieving non-trivial performance out of the box on new tasks in new environments. However, for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kaustubh Sridhar , Souradeep Dutta , Dinesh Jayaraman , Insup Lee

Existing robot policies predominantly adopt the task-centric approach, requiring end-to-end task data collection. This results in limited generalization to new tasks and difficulties in pinpointing errors within long-horizon, multi-stage…

Despite remarkable progress in Vision--Language--Action (VLA) models, a central bottleneck remains underexamined: the data infrastructure that underlies embodied learning. In this survey, we argue that future advances in VLA will depend…

This paper proposes VLA-AN, an efficient and onboard Vision-Language-Action (VLA) framework dedicated to autonomous drone navigation in complex environments. VLA-AN addresses four major limitations of existing large aerial navigation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yuze Wu , Mo Zhu , Xingxing Li , Yuheng Du , Yuxin Fan , Wenjun Li , Zhichao Han , Xin Zhou , Fei Gao