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Sample-efficient online reinforcement learning often uses replay buffers to store experience for reuse when updating the value function. However, uniform replay is inefficient, since certain classes of transitions can be more relevant to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Renhao Wang , Kevin Frans , Pieter Abbeel , Sergey Levine , Alexei A. Efros

Experience replay (ER) used in (deep) reinforcement learning is considered to be applicable only to off-policy algorithms. However, there have been some cases in which ER has been applied for on-policy algorithms, suggesting that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Taisuke Kobayashi

Several algorithms have been proposed to sample non-uniformly the replay buffer of deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents to speed-up learning, but very few theoretical foundations of these sampling schemes have been provided. Among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Thibault Lahire , Matthieu Geist , Emmanuel Rachelson

Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning (MORL) is a generalization of traditional Reinforcement Learning (RL) that aims to optimize multiple, often conflicting objectives simultaneously rather than focusing on a single reward. This approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Davide Guidobene , Lorenzo Benedetti , Diego Arapovic

Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) is a technique used in reinforcement learning (RL) that has proven to be very efficient for training off-policy RL-based agents to solve goal-based robotic manipulation tasks using sparse rewards. Even…

In addition to their undisputed success in solving classical optimization problems, neuroevolutionary and population-based algorithms have become an alternative to standard reinforcement learning methods. However, evolutionary methods often…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Jörg Stork , Martin Zaefferer , Nils Eisler , Patrick Tichelmann , Thomas Bartz-Beielstein , A. E. Eiben

We present the extension of the Remember and Forget for Experience Replay (ReF-ER) algorithm to Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). ReF-ER was shown to outperform state of the art algorithms for continuous control in problems ranging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Pascal Weber , Daniel Wälchli , Mustafa Zeqiri , Petros Koumoutsakos

Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) offers a precise means for constraining the behavior of reinforcement learning agents. However, in many settings where both satisfaction and optimality conditions are present, LTL is insufficient to capture both.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Ameesh Shah , Cameron Voloshin , Chenxi Yang , Abhinav Verma , Swarat Chaudhuri , Sanjit A. Seshia

We propose a metalearning approach for learning gradient-based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. The idea is to evolve a differentiable loss function, such that an agent, which optimizes its policy to minimize this loss, will achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Rein Houthooft , Richard Y. Chen , Phillip Isola , Bradly C. Stadie , Filip Wolski , Jonathan Ho , Pieter Abbeel

Currently, deep reinforcement learning (RL) shows impressive results in complex gaming and robotic environments. Often these results are achieved at the expense of huge computational costs and require an incredible number of episodes of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Alexey Skrynnik , Aleksey Staroverov , Ermek Aitygulov , Kirill Aksenov , Vasilii Davydov , Aleksandr I. Panov

Back-stepping experience replay (BER) is a reinforcement learning technique that can accelerate learning efficiency in reversible environments. BER trains an agent with generated back-stepping transitions of collected experiences and normal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Guwen Lyu , Masahiro Sato

Learning to evaluate and improve policies is a core problem of Reinforcement Learning (RL). Traditional RL algorithms learn a value function defined for a single policy. A recently explored competitive alternative is to learn a single value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Francesco Faccio , Aditya Ramesh , Vincent Herrmann , Jean Harb , Jürgen Schmidhuber

We present an off-policy actor-critic algorithm for Reinforcement Learning (RL) that combines ideas from gradient-free optimization via stochastic search with learned action-value function. The result is a simple procedure consisting of…

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods rely on experience replay to approximate the minibatched supervised learning setting; however, unlike supervised learning where access to lots of training data is crucial to generalization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Brett Daley , Cameron Hickert , Christopher Amato

Building upon the recent success of deep reinforcement learning methods, we investigate the possibility of on-policy reinforcement learning improvement by reusing the data from several consecutive policies. On-policy methods bring many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Dmitry Kangin , Nicolas Pugeault

Continual learning is a promising machine learning paradigm to learn new tasks while retaining previously learned knowledge over streaming training data. Till now, rehearsal-based methods, keeping a small part of data from old tasks as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Quanziang Wang , Renzhen Wang , Yuexiang Li , Dong Wei , Kai Ma , Yefeng Zheng , Deyu Meng

The policy gradient approach is a flexible and powerful reinforcement learning method particularly for problems with continuous actions such as robot control. A common challenge in this scenario is how to reduce the variance of policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Tingting Zhao , Hirotaka Hachiya , Voot Tangkaratt , Jun Morimoto , Masashi Sugiyama

We introduce the Multiscale Experience Replay (MER) algorithm for solving a class of stochastic variational inequalities (VIs) in settings where samples are generated from a Markov chain and we have access to a memory buffer to store them.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Milind Nakul , Tianjiao Li , Ashwin Pananjady

Policy gradient methods are powerful reinforcement learning algorithms and have been demonstrated to solve many complex tasks. However, these methods are also data-inefficient, afflicted with high variance gradient estimates, and frequently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Andreas Doerr , Michael Volpp , Marc Toussaint , Sebastian Trimpe , Christian Daniel

Affective computing systems are increasingly embedded in pervasive and interactive environments, such as adaptive games, assistive technologies, and resource-constrained platforms, where computational efficiency must be balanced with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Kosmas Pinitas , Konstantinos Katsifis